Canfield D V, Hordinsky J, Millett D P, Endecott B, Smith D
Civil Aeromedical Institute, Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, OK 73125, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2001 Feb;72(2):120-4.
The use of drugs and alcohol in aviation is closely monitored by the FAA Office of Aviation Medicine's (OAM's) Civil Aeromedical Institute (CAMI) through the toxicological analysis of specimens from pilots who have died in aviation accidents.
Frozen specimens received from local pathologists were tested and the results entered into a computer database for future analysis. The data were sorted based on the class of drug, controlled dangerous substance schedules II, and I controlled dangerous substance schedules III-V, prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, and alcohol.
Specimens from 1683 pilots were analyzed between 1994 to 1998. Controlled dangerous substances, CDS, (schedules I and II) were found in 89 of the pilots analyzed. Controlled dangerous substances (schedules III-V) were found in 49 of the pilots tested. Prescription drugs were found in 240 of the pilots analyzed. Over-the-counter drugs were found in 301 of the pilots analyzed. Alcohol at or above the legal limit of 0.04% was found in 124 pilots. No abused drugs were found in Class 1 air transport fatal pilots.
This research supports the very low incidence rate of drugs found in the FAA random drug-testing program. Over-the-counter medications are the most frequently found drugs in fatal aviation accidents and many of these drugs could impair a pilot's ability to safely fly an aircraft. This data is helpful to the FAA in developing programs to reduce the usage of dangerous drugs and identify potentially incapacitating medical conditions that may cause an accident. Data collected from this research can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the FAA drug-testing program.
美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）航空医学办公室（OAM）的民用航空医学研究所（CAMI）通过对在航空事故中遇难飞行员的标本进行毒理学分析，密切监测航空领域药物和酒精的使用情况。
对从当地病理学家处收到的冷冻标本进行检测，并将结果输入计算机数据库以备将来分析。数据根据药物类别、受控危险物质附表II、受控危险物质附表III - V、处方药、非处方药和酒精进行分类。
1994年至1998年期间对1683名飞行员的标本进行了分析。在接受分析的89名飞行员中发现了受控危险物质（CDS，附表I和II）。在接受检测的49名飞行员中发现了受控危险物质（附表III - V）。在接受分析的240名飞行员中发现了处方药。在接受分析的301名飞行员中发现了非处方药。在124名飞行员中发现酒精含量达到或超过法定限制0.04%。在1类航空运输致命事故飞行员中未发现滥用药物。
本研究支持了FAA随机药物检测计划中药物检出率极低的情况。非处方药是致命航空事故中最常发现的药物，其中许多药物可能会损害飞行员安全驾驶飞机的能力。这些数据有助于FAA制定减少危险药物使用的计划，并识别可能导致事故的潜在致残医疗状况。从本研究收集的数据可用于评估FAA药物检测计划的有效性。
