Zhang L, Hach A
Department of Biochemistry, NYU Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Oct 30;56(5-6):415-26. doi: 10.1007/s000180050442.
Heme is a key molecule in mediating the effects of oxygen on various molecular and cellular processes in many living organisms. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, heme serves as a secondary signal for oxygen; intracellular heme synthesis directly correlates with oxygen tension in the environment. In yeast, oxygen sensing and heme signaling are primarily mediated by the heme activator protein Hap1, which, in response to heme, activates the transcription of genes required for respiration and for controlling oxidative damage. Heme regulation of many genes required for anaerobic growth is mediated by the aerobic repressor Rox1, whose expression is controlled by heme. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge about (i) how heme synthesis may be controlled by oxygen tension, (ii) how heme precisely and stringently controls Hap1 activity and (iii) whether other transcriptional activators can also mediate heme action.
血红素是介导氧气对许多生物中各种分子和细胞过程影响的关键分子。在酿酒酵母中，血红素作为氧气的二级信号；细胞内血红素的合成与环境中的氧张力直接相关。在酵母中，氧感应和血红素信号传导主要由血红素激活蛋白Hap1介导，Hap1响应血红素激活呼吸和控制氧化损伤所需基因的转录。许多厌氧生长所需基因的血红素调节由需氧阻遏物Rox1介导，Rox1的表达受血红素控制。在本综述中，我们总结了关于（i）血红素合成如何受氧张力控制，（ii）血红素如何精确且严格地控制Hap1活性，以及（iii）其他转录激活因子是否也能介导血红素作用的最新知识。
