Hays J T, Wolter T D, Eberman K M, Croghan I T, Offord K P, Hurt R D
Nicotine Dependence Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., USA.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2001 Feb;76(2):124-33. doi: 10.1016/S0025-6196(11)63117-0.
To compare smoking abstinence outcomes between smokers treated in a residential (inpatient) program and those treated in an outpatient program to determine if residential treatment was superior to outpatient treatment in smokers with moderate to severe nicotine dependence.
Patients treated in the residential nicotine dependence program at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., between May 1, 1992, and January 31, 1996, were selected for this study. Each patient in the residential treatment group (n=146) was matched to 2 patients who received an outpatient nicotine dependence consultation by a trained counselor (n=292). Each patient was matched on age, sex, year seen, number of cigarettes smoked per day, longest previous abstinence, education, and marital status. Abstinence at 6 and 12 months was determined by self-report. For the purposes of analysis, each patient with missing outcome data was considered to be smoking.
The 6-month abstinence rates for the residential group compared with the outpatient group were 45% and 26%, respectively (P<.001), and the 12-month abstinence rates were 45% and 23%, respectively (P<.001). After adjusting for matching variables that were not exactly matched (age, baseline number of cigarettes smoked per day, and longest previous abstinence) and the baseline variables, including education, age when started smoking, and degree of nicotine dependence, there was a significant effect of residential treatment on 6- and 12-month abstinence rates (P<.001). Odds ratio of 6-month abstinence in the residential group was 2.74 (95% confidence interval, 1.60-4.71; P<.001) and at 12 months was 3.03 (95% confidence interval, 1.74-5.27; P<.001).
Residential treatment for tobacco dependence is superior to outpatient treatment in some smokers who are moderately to severely nicotine dependent.
比较在住院（ inpatient ）项目中接受治疗的吸烟者与在门诊项目中接受治疗的吸烟者的戒烟效果，以确定住院治疗对于中度至重度尼古丁依赖的吸烟者是否优于门诊治疗。
选取 1992 年 5 月 1 日至 1996 年 1 月 31 日期间在明尼苏达州罗切斯特市梅奥诊所的住院尼古丁依赖项目中接受治疗的患者进行本研究。住院治疗组的每位患者（ n = 146 ）与 2 位接受过培训的咨询师进行门诊尼古丁依赖咨询的患者（ n = 292 ）进行匹配。每位患者在年龄、性别、就诊年份、每日吸烟量、既往最长戒烟时间、教育程度和婚姻状况方面进行匹配。通过自我报告确定 6 个月和 12 个月时的戒烟情况。为了分析目的，每例缺失结局数据的患者被视为仍在吸烟。
住院组与门诊组的 6 个月戒烟率分别为 45% 和 26% （ P <.001 ）， 12 个月戒烟率分别为 45% 和 23% （ P <.001 ）。在对未完全匹配的匹配变量（年龄、每日吸烟基线量和既往最长戒烟时间）以及基线变量（包括教育程度、开始吸烟时的年龄和尼古丁依赖程度）进行调整后，住院治疗对 6 个月和 12 个月戒烟率有显著影响（ P <.001 ）。住院组 6 个月戒烟的优势比为 2.74 （ 95% 置信区间， 1.60 - 4.71 ； P <.001 ）， 12 个月时为 3.03 （ 95% 置信区间， 1.74 - 5.27 ； P <.001 ）。
对于一些中度至重度尼古丁依赖的吸烟者，住院治疗烟草依赖优于门诊治疗。
