Rayner C K, Samsom M, Jones K L, Horowitz M
University of Adelaide Department of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia.
Diabetes Care. 2001 Feb;24(2):371-81. doi: 10.2337/diacare.24.2.371.
Acute changes in the blood glucose concentration have a major reversible effect on esophageal, gastric, intestinal, gallbladder, and anorectal motility in both healthy subjects and diabetic patients. For example, gastric emptying is slower during hyperglycemia than euglycemia and accelerated during hypoglycemia. Acute hyperglycemia also affects perceptions arising from the gastrointestinal tract and may accordingly, be important in the etiology of gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetes. Elevations in blood glucose that are within the normal postprandial range also affect gastrointestinal motor and sensory function. Upper gastrointestinal motor function is a critical determinant of postprandial blood glucose concentrations by influencing the absorption of ingested nutrients. Interventions that reduce postprandial hyperglycemia, by modulating the rate of gastric emptying, have the potential to become mainstream therapies in the treatment of diabetes.
血糖浓度的急性变化对健康受试者和糖尿病患者的食管、胃、肠道、胆囊及肛门直肠运动具有重大的可逆性影响。例如，高血糖期间胃排空比血糖正常时慢，而低血糖期间胃排空加快。急性高血糖还会影响源自胃肠道的感知，因此可能在糖尿病胃肠道症状的病因中起重要作用。处于正常餐后范围内的血糖升高也会影响胃肠运动和感觉功能。上消化道运动功能通过影响摄入营养物质的吸收，是餐后血糖浓度的关键决定因素。通过调节胃排空速率来降低餐后高血糖的干预措施，有可能成为糖尿病治疗的主流疗法。
