Schrauzer G N
Biological Trace Element Research Institute, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2000 Dec;57(13-14):1864-73. doi: 10.1007/PL00000668.
Selenium (Se) exerts its anticarcinogenic effects by multiple mechanisms. In the physiological dosage range, Se appears to function as an antimutagenic agent, preventing the malignant transformation of normal cells and the activation of oncogenes. These protective effects of Se seem to be primarily associated with its presence in the glutathione peroxidases, which are known to protect DNA and other cellular components from damage by oxygen radicals. Selenoenzymes are also known to play roles in carcinogen metabolism, in the control of cell division, oxygen metabolism, detoxification processes, apoptosis induction and the functioning of the immune system. Other modes of action, either direct or indirect, may also be operative, such as the partial retransformation of tumor cells and the inactivation of oncogenes. However, the effects of Se in the physiological dosage range are not attributable to cytotoxicity, allowing Se to be defined as a genuine nutritional cancer-protecting agent. The anticarcinogenic effects of Se are counteracted by Se-antagonistic compounds and elements. For maximal utilization of its cancer-protective potential, Se supplementation should start early in life and be maintained over the entire lifespan. In addition, exposure to Se antagonists and carcinogenic risk factors should be minimized by appropriate dietary and lifestyle changes.
硒（Se）通过多种机制发挥其抗癌作用。在生理剂量范围内，硒似乎作为一种抗诱变剂发挥作用，可防止正常细胞发生恶性转化以及癌基因的激活。硒的这些保护作用似乎主要与其存在于谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶中有关，已知这些酶可保护DNA和其他细胞成分免受氧自由基的损伤。硒酶在致癌物代谢、细胞分裂控制、氧代谢、解毒过程、凋亡诱导以及免疫系统功能方面也发挥作用。其他直接或间接的作用方式也可能起作用，例如肿瘤细胞的部分再转化和癌基因的失活。然而，生理剂量范围内的硒的作用并非归因于细胞毒性，这使得硒可被定义为一种真正的营养性癌症保护剂。硒的抗癌作用会被硒拮抗化合物和元素抵消。为了最大程度地发挥其癌症保护潜力，硒补充应在生命早期开始并在整个生命周期内持续进行。此外，应通过适当的饮食和生活方式改变，尽量减少接触硒拮抗剂和致癌风险因素。
