Rawla Prashanth, Sunkara Tagore, Gaduputi Vinaya
Department of Internal Medicine, SOVAH Health, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA.
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mercy Medical Center, Des Moines, IA 50314, USA.
World J Oncol. 2019 Feb;10(1):10-27. doi: 10.14740/wjon1166. Epub 2019 Feb 26.
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, its toll is higher in more developed countries. Reasons for vast differences in mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are not completely clear yet, but it may be due to lack of appropriate diagnosis, treatment and cataloging of cancer cases. Because patients seldom exhibit symptoms until an advanced stage of the disease, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignant neoplasms that caused 432,242 new deaths in 2018 (GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates). Globally, 458,918 new cases of pancreatic cancer have been reported in 2018, and 355,317 new cases are estimated to occur until 2040. Despite advancements in the detection and management of pancreatic cancer, the 5-year survival rate still stands at 9% only. To date, the causes of pancreatic carcinoma are still insufficiently known, although certain risk factors have been identified, such as tobacco smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dietary factors, alcohol abuse, age, ethnicity, family history and genetic factors, , non-O blood group and chronic pancreatitis. In general population, screening of large groups is not considered useful to detect the disease at its early stage, although newer techniques and the screening of tightly targeted groups (especially of those with family history), are being evaluated. Primary prevention is considered of utmost importance. Up-to-date statistics on pancreatic cancer occurrence and outcome along with a better understanding of the etiology and identifying the causative risk factors are essential for the primary prevention of this disease.
胰腺癌是全球癌症相关死亡的第七大主要原因。然而，在更发达国家，其造成的死亡人数更多。胰腺癌死亡率存在巨大差异的原因尚不完全清楚，但可能是由于癌症病例缺乏适当的诊断、治疗和记录。由于患者在疾病晚期之前很少出现症状，胰腺癌仍然是最致命的恶性肿瘤之一，2018年导致432,242例新死亡（全球癌症负担2018年估计）。全球范围内，2018年报告了458,918例胰腺癌新病例，预计到2040年将出现355,317例新病例。尽管在胰腺癌的检测和管理方面取得了进展，但5年生存率仍仅为9%。迄今为止，虽然已经确定了某些风险因素，如吸烟、糖尿病、肥胖、饮食因素、酗酒、年龄、种族、家族史和遗传因素、非O血型和慢性胰腺炎，但胰腺癌的病因仍知之甚少。在一般人群中，对大规模人群进行筛查被认为对早期发现该疾病没有用处，尽管正在评估更新的技术和对特定目标人群（尤其是有家族史的人群）进行筛查。一级预防被认为至关重要。关于胰腺癌发生情况和预后的最新统计数据，以及对病因的更好理解和确定致病风险因素，对于该疾病的一级预防至关重要。
