Waller D
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, USA.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2000 Dec;6(4):307-21. doi: 10.1037//1076-898x.6.4.307.
A multivariate study examined relationships between the following factors: paper-and-pencil assessments of verbal and spatial ability, ability to form an accurate spatial representation of a large real-world environment, gender, computer attitudes and experience, proficiency with the navigational interface of a virtual environment (VE), and the ability to acquire and transfer spatial knowledge from a VE. Psychometrically assessed spatial ability and proficiency with the navigational interface were found to make substantial contributions to individual differences in the ability to acquire spatial information from a VE. Gender influenced many VE-related tasks, primarily through its relationship with interface proficiency and spatial ability. Measures of spatial knowledge of a VE maze were highly predictive of subsequent performance in a similar real-world maze, suggesting that VEs can be useful for training people about real-world spaces.
纸笔形式的语言和空间能力评估、对大型现实世界环境形成准确空间表征的能力、性别、计算机态度和经验、虚拟环境（VE）导航界面的熟练程度，以及从虚拟环境中获取和转移空间知识的能力。研究发现，通过心理测量评估的空间能力和导航界面熟练程度对从虚拟环境中获取空间信息的能力的个体差异有很大影响。性别影响了许多与虚拟环境相关的任务，主要是通过其与界面熟练程度和空间能力的关系。虚拟环境迷宫的空间知识测量对后续在类似现实世界迷宫中的表现具有高度预测性，这表明虚拟环境可用于培训人们了解现实世界空间。
