Soory M
Division of Periodontology, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Dental Institute, London.
Dent Update. 2000 Oct;27(8):380-3. doi: 10.12968/denu.2000.27.8.380.
This article discusses the effects of sex steroid hormones, glucocorticoids and insulin deficiency on periodontal tissues, and the possible consequences on periodontal disease progression. The androgens and oestrogens have predominantly anabolic functions in stimulating matrix synthesis, which is applicable to periodontal repair and medication-induced gingival overgrowth. Oestrogen and progesterone can contribute to pregnancy gingivitis; long-term use of hormonal contraceptives can accelerate progression of periodontal disease. Higher levels of circulating cortisol, associated with stress, can influence the onset of acute necrotic ulcerative gingivitis. Gingivitis and periodontal disease are reported to be more prevalent in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (periodontal disease, particularly in older, less well controlled subjects) than in non-diabetic individuals.
本文讨论了性类固醇激素、糖皮质激素和胰岛素缺乏对牙周组织的影响，以及对牙周疾病进展可能产生的后果。雄激素和雌激素在刺激基质合成方面主要具有合成代谢功能，这适用于牙周修复和药物性牙龈增生。雌激素和孕酮可导致妊娠性龈炎；长期使用激素避孕药可加速牙周疾病的进展。与压力相关的循环皮质醇水平升高可影响急性坏死性溃疡性龈炎的发生。据报道，1型和2型糖尿病患者（尤其是年龄较大、控制不佳的患者中的牙周疾病）的龈炎和牙周疾病比非糖尿病个体更为普遍。
