Stocker J T
Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Clin Liver Dis. 2001 Feb;5(1):259-81, viii-ix. doi: 10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70163-x.
Although they account for only 1% to 4% of solid tumors in children, hepatic tumors and pseudotumors offer a diagnostic challenge to the clinician seeing only an occasional case. Metastatic lesions such as neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and lymphoma are the most common neoplasm seen in the liver, but 10 distinct primary tumors and pseudotumors of the liver occur with some regularity, and a few others may be seen rarely, including leiomyosarcoma, rhabdoid tumor, and endodermal sinus tumor. Five of these neoplasms--hepatoblastoma, infantile hemangio-endothelioma, mesenchymal hamartoma, undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma, and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tree--occur only in children and are the major focus of the article.
尽管肝肿瘤和假瘤在儿童实体瘤中仅占1%至4%，但对于仅偶尔遇到此类病例的临床医生而言，其诊断颇具挑战性。神经母细胞瘤、肾母细胞瘤和淋巴瘤等转移性病变是肝脏中最常见的肿瘤，但肝脏有10种不同的原发性肿瘤和假瘤会有一定规律地出现，还有其他一些则较为罕见，包括平滑肌肉瘤、横纹肌样瘤和内胚窦瘤。其中五种肿瘤——肝母细胞瘤、婴儿血管内皮瘤、间叶性错构瘤、未分化胚胎性肉瘤以及胆管胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤——仅发生于儿童，也是本文的主要关注点。
