Rutherford A
Psychology Department, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, England.
Mem Cognit. 2000 Dec;28(8):1419-28. doi: 10.3758/bf03211842.
The ability of environmental-context (EC) familiarity, movement disruption, and the relative strength of memory cues to explain unreliable EC-dependent free-recall memory effects was examined in two experiments. Experiment 1 replicated Smith's (1979, Experiment 1) results confirming that familiarity and disruption cannot account for free-recall EC-reinstatement effects. In Experiment 2, a level of processing manipulation varied stimulus item memory cue strengths, and memory was again assessed by free recall. Contrary to Murnane and Phelps's (1995) and Dougal and Rotello's (1999) recognition findings, an EC-reinstatement effect was observed with low, but not high, levels of processing. However, comparisons across the two experiments revealed inconsistencies with the relative cue strength hypothesis. Consequently, a variant of the relative cue strength hypothesis that highlights the role of retrieval processes was proposed to explain the interaction between the levels of processing and the EC-reinstatement effect.
在两项实验中，研究了环境背景（EC）熟悉度、运动干扰以及记忆线索的相对强度对不可靠的依赖EC的自由回忆记忆效应的解释能力。实验1重复了史密斯（1979年，实验1）的结果，证实熟悉度和干扰不能解释自由回忆的EC恢复效应。在实验2中，加工水平操作改变了刺激项目的记忆线索强度，并且再次通过自由回忆评估记忆。与穆尔南和费尔普斯（1995年）以及道格尔和罗泰洛（1999年）的识别结果相反，在低加工水平而非高加工水平上观察到了EC恢复效应。然而，两项实验的比较揭示了与相对线索强度假设的不一致。因此，提出了一个强调检索过程作用的相对线索强度假设变体，以解释加工水平与EC恢复效应之间的相互作用。
