Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2022 May;50(4):681-695. doi: 10.3758/s13421-021-01248-0. Epub 2021 Dec 1.
Recognition memory is thought to involve two bases: familiarity (a sense that something was encountered previously) and recollection (retrieval of specifics or context). The present study investigated the hypothesis that a sensation of familiarity during cued-recall failure might increase illusory recollective experience. This hypothesis was driven, in part, by the suggestion in the literature that the type of familiarity-driven recollective confabulation often seen in populations experiencing memory impairment might actually be a common feature of normal human memory. We examined the hypothesis that as perceived cue familiarity increases during the uncertainty of target retrieval failure, so does illusory recollection of a contextual detail. Toward this end, we systematically varied the amount of cue-to-target(s) surface feature-overlap in the recognition without cued recall paradigm, which has been shown to increase perceived cue familiarity during target recall failure. Increasing perceived cue familiarity during target retrieval failure led to increased confidence in knowing a contextual detail that was not actually known. As perceived cue familiarity increased, so did erroneous confidence in knowing the arrow direction (left or right) that supposedly accompanied the unretrieved target (Experiment 1), the background color (Experiment 2), and whether an accompanying tone was high or low (Experiment 3).
熟悉感（一种曾经遇到过某事的感觉）和回忆（具体细节或背景的检索）。本研究假设在提示回忆失败时出现的熟悉感可能会增加虚幻的回忆体验，这一假设部分源于文献中的一个观点，即记忆障碍人群中经常出现的那种由熟悉感驱动的回忆性虚构，实际上可能是正常人类记忆的一个共同特征。我们检验了这样一个假设，即在目标检索失败的不确定性期间，感知提示的熟悉度增加，那么对上下文细节的虚幻回忆也会增加。为此，我们在无提示回忆范式中系统地改变了提示与目标之间的表面特征重叠量，该范式已被证明会在目标回忆失败期间增加感知提示的熟悉度。在目标检索失败期间增加感知提示的熟悉度会导致对实际上未知的上下文细节的信心增加。随着感知提示的熟悉度增加，错误地相信知道未检索到的目标所伴随的箭头方向（左或右）（实验 1）、背景颜色（实验 2）以及伴随的音调是高还是低（实验 3）的信心也会增加。
