DeMuri G P, Purschwitz M A
Clinical Sciences Center H6/440, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-4116, USA.
WMJ. 2000 Dec;99(9):51-5.
Farming is one of the most dangerous occupations in the United States. Unfortunately, risk of injury and death extends not only to adults, but to children that live, play, and work on the farm. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention of farm injury in children and adolescents. In Wisconsin 39 children were killed in the agricultural setting between 1995 and 1999. Nationwide, over 100 children per year are killed and 27,000 injured on farms. The age distribution of injury in children is bimodal, with one peak at 3-4 years of age and a second peak at 13-16 years. Boys are much more likely to be injured on the farm than girls. Of the agents associated with the injury of children, tractors are most commonly implicated and are the most deadly. Drownings, injury by cows and horses, and other farm implements and machinery make up the remainder of most farm accidents. The head and face are the sites involved in preschoolers whereas the limbs are more likely to be injured in older children. Poor supervision, unreasonable expectations, financial difficulties and lack of safety devices are associated with risk of injury. Prevention or injury involves patient and family education, regulation and safety devices. Important resources are available for farm families and health care providers to prevent farm accidents in children.
在美国，农业是最危险的职业之一。不幸的是，受伤和死亡风险不仅存在于成年人中，也波及到在农场生活、玩耍和工作的儿童。本文综述了儿童和青少年农场伤害的流行病学、发病机制及预防措施。1995年至1999年间，威斯康星州有39名儿童在农业环境中丧生。在全国范围内，每年有超过100名儿童在农场死亡，27000名儿童受伤。儿童伤害的年龄分布呈双峰型，一个高峰在3至4岁，另一个高峰在13至16岁。在农场，男孩比女孩更容易受伤。在与儿童受伤相关的因素中，拖拉机最常被牵涉其中，也是最致命的。溺水、被牛和马伤害以及其他农具和机械造成的伤害构成了大多数农场事故的其余部分。学龄前儿童受伤部位多在头部和面部，而大龄儿童四肢更易受伤。监管不力、期望不合理、经济困难以及缺乏安全装置都与受伤风险相关。预防伤害涉及对患者和家庭的教育、监管及安全装置。有重要资源可供农场家庭和医疗保健提供者用来预防儿童农场事故。
