Flynn J T.
Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Health System, MI 48109 0297, Ann Arbor, USA
Prog Pediatr Cardiol. 2001 Jan;12(2):177-188. doi: 10.1016/s1058-9813(00)00071-0.
Hypertension, a relatively uncommon problem in childhood except in certain groups of children, is an important cardiovascular risk factor that can have significant health implications, especially the tendency for an elevated blood pressure in childhood to predict the development of adult hypertension. Common causes of childhood hypertension include renal and cardiac disease, as well as essential hypertension in adolescents. Given these factors, it is usually possible to evaluate the hypertensive child in a focused manner that should reveal not only the underlying cause of hypertension, but also its severity. Treatment should incorporate non-pharmacologic approaches as well as antihypertensive medications, and should take into account other cardiovascular risk factors such as hyperlipidemia. This review highlights these and other important issues in the evaluation and management of hypertensive children, and provides practical guidance to the practitioner involved in caring for such patients.
高血压在儿童中相对不常见，某些特定儿童群体除外，它是一个重要的心血管危险因素，可能对健康产生重大影响，尤其是儿童期血压升高往往预示着成人期高血压的发生。儿童高血压的常见病因包括肾脏和心脏疾病，以及青少年原发性高血压。鉴于这些因素，通常可以有针对性地评估高血压儿童，这不仅应揭示高血压的潜在病因，还应明确其严重程度。治疗应包括非药物方法以及抗高血压药物，并且应考虑其他心血管危险因素，如高脂血症。本综述重点介绍了高血压儿童评估和管理中的这些及其他重要问题，并为照顾此类患者的从业者提供实用指导。
