Meinrath G
TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institut für Geologie, Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 12, 09596 Freiberg, Germany.
Fresenius J Anal Chem. 2000 Nov;368(6):574-84. doi: 10.1007/s002160000557.
In order to compare and to interpret chemical measurements, compliance with general rules of metrology is compulsory. Such rules are the more important the more the chemical measurements are applied under circumstances where material assets and goods or immaterial values like health may be affected. Metrology of chemical measurements attempts to define rules for achieving comparability and for guaranteeing quality of analytical data. Thermodynamic data are commonly derived from a set of analytical measurements. Comparability among thermodynamic data is an important issue especially for those data to be applied in politically sensitive issues of environmental prognosis, long-term safety assessment of nuclear waste repositories in deep geological formations and assessment of environmental impact of technical intervention in the geosphere. Taking the data evaluation step in the traceability chain of thermodynamic data as an example, the existing thermodynamic data is shown to be affected by deficiencies in comparability and quality that may severely limit its dependability in environmental prognosis. The need for a metrologically acceptable approach is demonstrated. Statistical concepts improving a reliable assignment of meaningful measurement uncertainty to a thermodynamic datum are presented. Unresolved issues, i.e. measurement uncertainty of a pH measurement, hampering the construction of a traceability chain are outlined.
为了比较和解释化学测量结果，必须遵守计量学的一般规则。化学测量在可能影响物质资产和货物或健康等非物质价值的情况下应用得越多，这些规则就越重要。化学测量计量学试图定义实现可比性和保证分析数据质量的规则。热力学数据通常来自一组分析测量。热力学数据之间的可比性是一个重要问题，特别是对于那些应用于环境预测的政治敏感问题、深部地质构造中核废料储存库的长期安全评估以及地球圈层技术干预的环境影响评估的数据而言。以热力学数据溯源链中的数据评估步骤为例，现有的热力学数据显示受到可比性和质量缺陷的影响，这可能严重限制其在环境预测中的可靠性。证明了需要一种计量学上可接受的方法。提出了改进将有意义的测量不确定度可靠地赋予热力学数据的统计概念。概述了阻碍溯源链构建的未解决问题，即pH测量的测量不确定度。
