Kessler B, Meyer K, Hänichen T, Heinritzi K
Medizinische Tierklinik der LMU München.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2001 Feb;143(2):85-92.
60 pigs representing all age groups (suckling pigs, weaner pigs, hogs, gilts and sows; thereof 37 females, 2 males, 21 castrated males) were examined by ultrasound of the liver and by ultrasound guided gallbladder puncture. The visibility of the liver and gallbladder was strongly influenced by the size of the animals. The thickness of the abdominal and thoracic walls in older animals proved to be a highly ultrasound-absorptive medium, which limited the ability to assess the underlying tissue structures. As a result, gallbladder puncture of these animals was possible only with a certain degree of technical difficulty. The gallbladder puncture procedure itself posed little risk to the animal. The primary risk resulted from the general anesthesia required. Autopsy showed no pathological findings due to gallbladder puncture with the exception of minimal, rapidly healing, local infectious processes. The bile proved to be a suitable medium of the detection of mycotoxins and their metabolites. Selective accumulation of these toxins in bile provide a more reliable diagnostic tool than the standard mycotoxicological tests of feed.
对代表所有年龄组的60头猪（乳猪、断奶仔猪、育肥猪、后备母猪和母猪；其中37头雌性、2头雄性、21头去势雄性）进行了肝脏超声检查和超声引导下的胆囊穿刺。肝脏和胆囊的可见性受动物体型的强烈影响。事实证明，老龄动物的腹壁和胸壁厚度是一种高度吸收超声的介质，这限制了评估其下方组织结构的能力。因此，对这些动物进行胆囊穿刺只能在一定程度的技术难度下进行。胆囊穿刺操作本身对动物造成的风险很小。主要风险来自所需的全身麻醉。尸检显示，除了极小的、迅速愈合的局部感染过程外，胆囊穿刺未发现病理结果。胆汁被证明是检测霉菌毒素及其代谢物的合适介质。这些毒素在胆汁中的选择性积累提供了一种比标准饲料霉菌毒素检测更可靠的诊断工具。
