Lane M A, Black A, Handy A M, Shapses S A, Tilmont E M, Kiefer T L, Ingram D K, Roth G S
Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
J Nutr. 2001 Mar;131(3):820-7. doi: 10.1093/jn/131.3.820.
Energy restriction (ER) extends the life span and slows aging and age-related diseases in short-lived mammalian species. Although a wide variety of physiological systems have been studied using this paradigm, little is known regarding the effects of ER on skeletal health and reproductive aging. Studies in rhesus monkeys have reported that ER delays sexual and skeletal maturation in young male monkeys and reduces bone mass in adult males. No studies have examined the chronic effects on bone health and reproductive aging in female rhesus monkeys. The present cross-sectional study examined the effects of chronic (6 y) ER on skeletal and reproductive indices in 40 premenopausal and perimenopausal (7-27 y old) female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Although ER monkeys weighed less and had lower fat mass, ER did not alter bone mineral density, bone mineral content, osteocalcin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D or parathyroid hormone concentrations, menstrual cycling or reproductive hormone concentrations. Body weight and lean mass were significantly related to bone mineral density and bone mineral content at all skeletal sites (total body, lumbar spine, mid and distal radius; P: < or = 0.04). The number of total menstrual cycles over 2 y, as well as the percentage of normal-length cycles (24-31 d), was lower in older than in younger monkeys (P: < or = 0.05). Older monkeys also had lower estradiol (P: = 0.02) and higher follicle-stimulating hormone (P: = 0.02) concentrations than did younger monkeys. We conclude that ER does not negatively affect these indices of skeletal or reproductive health and does not alter age-associated changes in the same variables.
能量限制（ER）可延长寿命，并减缓短命哺乳动物物种的衰老及与年龄相关的疾病。尽管已使用该范式对多种生理系统进行了研究，但关于ER对骨骼健康和生殖衰老的影响却知之甚少。对恒河猴的研究报告称，ER会延迟幼年雄性猴子的性成熟和骨骼成熟，并降低成年雄性猴子的骨量。尚无研究考察ER对雌性恒河猴骨骼健康和生殖衰老的长期影响。本横断面研究考察了慢性（6年）ER对40只绝经前和围绝经期（7 - 27岁）雌性恒河猴（猕猴）骨骼和生殖指标的影响。尽管ER组猴子体重较轻且脂肪量较低，但ER并未改变骨矿物质密度、骨矿物质含量、骨钙素、25 - 羟基维生素D、1,25 - 二羟基维生素D或甲状旁腺激素浓度、月经周期或生殖激素浓度。体重和瘦体重与所有骨骼部位（全身、腰椎、桡骨中段和远端）的骨矿物质密度和骨矿物质含量均显著相关（P≤0.04）。2年内总的月经周期数以及正常长度周期（24 - 31天）的百分比，老年猴子低于幼年猴子（P≤0.05）。老年猴子的雌二醇浓度也低于幼年猴子（P = 0.02），而促卵泡激素浓度则高于幼年猴子（P = 0.02）。我们得出结论，ER不会对这些骨骼或生殖健康指标产生负面影响，也不会改变相同变量中与年龄相关的变化。
