Smulders F T, van der Molen M W
Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, NL-6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Biol Psychol. 2001 Feb;55(3):227-31; discussion 233-7. doi: 10.1016/s0301-0511(00)00082-x.
Fowler et al. (Fowler, B., Hofer, K., Lipitkas, J., 2000. The exhaustive additivity displayed by nitrous oxide has implications for cognitive-energetical theory. Biol. Psychol. 52, 161-180) observed that nitrous oxide (N(2)O, an inhalation anaesthetic) does not interact with experimental manipulations derived from the additive factors literature. They proposed a two-tiered cognitive-energetical model to account for the apparent "exhaustive additivity". This model assumes that N(2)O affects a lower tier resulting in a non-selective effect on an upper tier, which is comprised of energetical mechanisms that are selectively linked to processing stages. In this commentary, it is argued that the "exhaustive additivity" can easily be accomodated by linear stage models. The findings of Fowler et al. suggest a new stage rather than a new model. Moreover, their new model seems to predict "exhaustive interaction" rather than "exhaustive additivity". It is concluded that Fowler et al. may have a highly interesting finding, but not for the reasons they submitted when accounting for the "exhaustive additivity" displayed by N(2)O.
福勒等人（福勒，B.，霍费尔，K.，利皮特卡斯，J.，2000年。一氧化二氮所表现出的彻底相加性对认知能量理论有影响。《生物心理学》52卷，第161 - 180页）观察到一氧化二氮（N₂O，一种吸入性麻醉剂）与源自相加因素文献的实验操作不存在相互作用。他们提出了一个两层的认知能量模型来解释这种明显的“彻底相加性”。该模型假定N₂O影响较低层级，从而对较高层级产生非选择性影响，较高层级由与加工阶段选择性相连的能量机制组成。在这篇评论中，有人认为“彻底相加性”可以很容易地由线性阶段模型来解释。福勒等人的研究结果暗示了一个新的阶段而非一个新的模型。此外，他们的新模型似乎预测的是“彻底相互作用”而非“彻底相加性”。得出的结论是，福勒等人可能有一个非常有趣的发现，但并非基于他们在解释N₂O所表现出的“彻底相加性”时所提出的理由。
