Pfeuffer M, Schrezenmeir J
Federal Dairy Research Center, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Kiel, Germany.
Br J Nutr. 2000 Nov;84 Suppl 1:S155-9. doi: 10.1017/s0007114500002385.
Milk is often seen as a potential promotor of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease because it is a source of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids. But there are several studies indicating that milk and milk products may not affect adversely blood lipids as would be predicted from its fat content and fat composition. There are even factors in milk and milk products which may actively protect from this condition by improving several risk factors. Calcium, bioactive peptides and as yet unidentified components in whole milk may protect from hypertension, and folic acid, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) and B12 (cyanocobalamin) or other unidentified components of skim milk may contribute to low homocysteine levels. Conjugated linoleic acid may have hypolipidaemic and antioxidative and thus antiatherosclerotic properties. Epidemiological studies suggest that milk and milk products fit well into a healthy eating pattern emphasizing cereals and vegetables.
牛奶常被视为动脉粥样硬化和冠心病的潜在促进因素，因为它是胆固醇和饱和脂肪酸的来源。但有多项研究表明，牛奶及奶制品可能不会像根据其脂肪含量和脂肪组成所预测的那样对血脂产生不利影响。牛奶及奶制品中甚至存在一些因素，可能通过改善多种风险因素来积极预防这种情况。全脂牛奶中的钙、生物活性肽以及尚未明确的成分可能预防高血压，而脱脂牛奶中的叶酸、维生素B6（吡哆醇）和B12（钴胺素）或其他尚未明确的成分可能有助于降低同型半胱氨酸水平。共轭亚油酸可能具有降血脂、抗氧化以及抗动脉粥样硬化的特性。流行病学研究表明，牛奶及奶制品很适合纳入以谷物和蔬菜为主的健康饮食模式。
