1Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences,National Institute on Aging,National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Intramural Research Program,Baltimore,MD 21224,USA.
2Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition,University of Delaware,Newark,DE 19716,USA.
Br J Nutr. 2018 Mar;119(6):706-719. doi: 10.1017/S0007114518000028.
The role of dairy foods and related nutrients in cardiometabolic health aetiology is poorly understood. We investigated longitudinal associations between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with key dairy product exposures. We used prospective data from a bi-racial cohort of urban adults (30-64 years at baseline (n 1371)), the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS), in Baltimore City, MD (2004-2013). The average of two 24-h dietary recalls measured 4-10 d apart was computed at baseline (V1) and follow-up (V2) waves. Annual rates of change (Δ) in dairy foods and key nutrients were estimated. Incident obesity, central obesity and the MetS were determined. Among key findings, in the overall urban adult population, both cheese and yogurt (V1 and Δ) were associated with an increased risk of central obesity (hazard ratio (HR) 1·13; 95 % CI 1·05, 1·23 per oz equivalent of cheese (V1); HR 1·21; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·44 per fl oz equivalent of yogurt (V1)]. Baseline fluid milk intake (V1 in cup equivalents) was inversely related to the MetS (HR 0·86; 95 % CI 0·78, 0·94), specifically to dyslipidaemia-TAG (HR 0·89; 95 % CI 0·81, 0·99), although it was directly associated with dyslipidaemia-HDL-cholesterol (HR 1·10; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·21). Furthermore, ΔCa and ΔP were inversely related to dyslipidaemia-HDL and MetS incidence, respectively, whereas Δdairy product fat was positively associated with incident TAG-dyslipidaemia and HDL-cholesterol-dyslipidaemia and the MetS. A few of those associations were sex and race specific. In sum, various dairy product exposures had differential associations with metabolic disturbances. Future intervention studies should uncover how changes in dairy product components over time may affect metabolic disorders.
乳制品及相关营养素在代谢综合征（MetS）发病机制中的作用尚不清楚。我们研究了代谢综合征及其各组分与主要乳制品暴露之间的纵向关联。我们使用来自巴尔的摩市多样性邻里健康老龄化（HANDLS）的一项城市成年人（基线时 30-64 岁（n=1371））的双种族队列的前瞻性数据。在基线（V1）和随访（V2）波之间，计算了两次相隔 4-10 天的 24 小时膳食回忆的平均值。估计了乳制品和关键营养素的年变化率（Δ）。确定了肥胖、中心性肥胖和代谢综合征的发生。在总体城市成年人群中，奶酪和酸奶（V1 和 Δ）与中心性肥胖的风险增加有关（每盎司奶酪（V1）的危险比（HR）为 1.13；95%CI 为 1.05-1.23；每盎司酸奶（V1）的 HR 为 1.21；95%CI 为 1.01-1.44）。基线（以杯当量计）的液态奶摄入量与代谢综合征呈负相关（HR 0.86；95%CI 0.78-0.94），特别是与血脂异常-TAG（HR 0.89；95%CI 0.81-0.99）相关，但与血脂异常-HDL 胆固醇呈正相关（HR 1.10；95%CI 1.01-1.21）。此外，ΔCa 和 ΔP 分别与血脂异常-HDL 和代谢综合征的发生率呈负相关，而 Δ乳制品脂肪与 TAG 血脂异常、HDL 胆固醇血脂异常和代谢综合征呈正相关。这些关联中有一些是特定于性别和种族的。总之，各种乳制品的暴露与代谢紊乱有不同的关联。未来的干预研究应该揭示随着时间的推移乳制品成分的变化如何影响代谢紊乱。
