Elsner B, Hommel B
Department of Cognition and Action, Max-Planck-Institute for Psychological Research, Munich, Germany.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2001 Feb;27(1):229-40. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.27.1.229.
According to the authors' 2-phase model of action control, people first incidentally acquire bidirectional associations between motor patterns and movement-contingent events and then intentionally use these associations for goal-directed action. The authors tested the model in 4 experiments, each comprising an acquisition phase, in which participants experienced co-occurrences between left and right keypresses and low- and high-pitched tones, and a test phase, in which the tones preceded the responses in forced- and free-choice designs. Both reaction time and response frequency in the test phase depended on the learned associations, indicating that presenting a tone activated the associated response. Results are interpreted as evidence for automatic action-outcome integration and automatic response priming through learned action effects. These processes may be basic for the control of voluntary action by the anticipation of action goals.
根据作者的动作控制两阶段模型，人们首先偶然地在运动模式与运动相关事件之间建立双向关联，然后有意地利用这些关联进行目标导向的行动。作者在4个实验中对该模型进行了测试，每个实验都包括一个习得阶段（在此阶段，参与者体验左右按键与高低音调之间的同时出现）和一个测试阶段（在此阶段，在强制选择和自由选择设计中，音调先于反应出现）。测试阶段的反应时间和反应频率均取决于习得的关联，这表明呈现一个音调会激活相关的反应。研究结果被解释为通过习得的动作效应实现自动动作-结果整合和自动反应启动的证据。这些过程可能是通过预期动作目标来控制自主行动的基础。
