Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481 USA; and.
Am J Bot. 2001 Mar;88(3):447-54.
We quantified pollinator visit behavior, pollen receipt and export, and changes in allele and genotype frequencies from initial Hardy- Weinberg conditions in experimental arrays of two color morphs of snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus) visited by freely foraging bumble bees (Bombus appositus and B. flavifrons). The number of pollen grains received by a flower depended most on the number of pollinator visits to the flower, whereas the number of grains exported was best predicted by the total time pollinators spent inside the flower. The pattern of mating generally was assortative with respect to color, as bees tended to overvisit one color or the other within a foraging bout. In arrays where nectar was augmented in one color, the augmented color received both more visits and longer visits. Allele and genotype frequencies in offspring samples were in accord with qualitative expectations based on the pollinator observations, demonstrating that pollinators can directly influence the evolution of single-locus floral traits, at least under simplified experimental conditions.
我们量化了传粉者的访问行为、花粉接收和输出，以及在由自由觅食的熊蜂（Bombus appositus 和 B. flavifrons）访问的两种颜色形态的金鱼草（Antirrhinum majus）实验数组中，从初始哈迪-温伯格条件下的等位基因和基因型频率的变化。一朵花接收的花粉粒数量主要取决于访问花朵的传粉者数量，而花粉粒输出的数量则最好由传粉者在花朵内花费的总时间来预测。交配模式通常与颜色有关，因为蜜蜂在觅食过程中往往会过多地访问一种颜色或另一种颜色。在一种颜色的花蜜被增加的数组中，增加的颜色既获得了更多的访问，也获得了更长的访问。后代样本中的等位基因和基因型频率与基于传粉者观察的定性预期一致，表明传粉者可以直接影响单基因花的特征的进化，至少在简化的实验条件下是这样。
