一项关于护士对患者精神需求反应的关键事件研究。

A critical incident study of nurses' responses to the spiritual needs of their patients.

作者信息

Narayanasamy A, Owens J

机构信息

Researcher, Trinity Care Spirituality Research Project, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

出版信息

J Adv Nurs. 2001 Feb;33(4):446-55. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01690.x.

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01690.x

PMID:11251732

Abstract

AIMS OF STUDY

The aims of the study were to carry out a critical incident study to: (1) Describe what nurses consider to be spiritual needs; (2) Explore how nurses respond to the spiritual needs of their patients; (3) Typify nurses' involvement in spiritual dimensions of care; (4) Describe the effect of nurses' intervention related to spiritual care.

BACKGROUND

In the caring professions a focus on individuals as bio-psychological-spiritual beings is gaining recognition and this notion is based on the premise that there should be a balance of mind, body and spirit for the maintenance of health in a person (Stoll 1979). Emerging research highlights the importance of spiritual care in nursing and suggests that there is scope for improving this dimension of care in order to improve the quality of life for many patients. However, there is very little evidence about how nurses respond to the spiritual needs of their patients. Therefore the purpose of this study was to map by critical incident techniques how nurses construct and respond to patients' spiritual needs in a variety of clinical settings.

METHODS

Critical incidents were obtained from 115 nurses. The data from these incidents were subjected to content analysis and categories were developed and described. The emerging categories were subjected to peer reviews to ensure reliability and validity of findings.

FINDINGS

The findings suggest that there is confusion over the notion of spirituality and the nurse's role related to spiritual care. A variety of approaches to spiritual care emerged in this study from the critical incidents derived from nurse respondents. These were categorized as 'personal', 'procedural', 'culturalisit' or 'evangelical'. There was an overwhelming consensus that patients' faith and trust in nurses produces a positive effect on patients and families, and nurses themselves derived satisfaction from the experience of giving spiritual care. In this respect, spiritual care interventions promote a sense of well-being in nurses as well as being a valuable part of total patient care.

CONCLUSION

The study concluded that there is scope for developing an ideal model of spiritual care using the critical incident data from this study.

摘要

研究目的

本研究旨在开展一项关键事件研究，以：（1）描述护士所认为的精神需求；（2）探究护士如何回应患者的精神需求；（3）界定护士在精神护理方面的参与类型；（4）描述护士与精神护理相关干预措施的效果。

背景

在护理行业，将个体视为生物 - 心理 - 精神存在的观点日益得到认可，这一观念基于这样的前提，即一个人的身心健康需要在心智、身体和精神之间保持平衡（斯托尔，1979年）。新出现的研究凸显了精神护理在护理工作中的重要性，并表明有改进这一护理维度的空间，以便提高许多患者的生活质量。然而，关于护士如何回应患者精神需求的证据非常少。因此，本研究的目的是通过关键事件技术来描绘护士在各种临床环境中如何构建并回应患者的精神需求。

方法

从115名护士那里获取关键事件。对这些事件的数据进行内容分析，并形成和描述类别。对新出现的类别进行同行评审，以确保研究结果的可靠性和有效性。

研究结果

研究结果表明，对于精神性的概念以及护士在精神护理方面的角色存在困惑。在本研究中，从护士受访者提供的关键事件中出现了多种精神护理方法。这些方法被归类为“个人的”、“程序性的”、“文化性的”或“福音派的”。压倒性的共识是，患者对护士的信任对患者及其家庭产生了积极影响，并且护士自身也从提供精神护理的经历中获得了满足感。在这方面，精神护理干预不仅能提升护士的幸福感，也是整体患者护理的重要组成部分。