Mattila L, Kilpeläinen M, Terho E O, Koskenvuo M, Helenius H, Kalimo K
Finnish Student Health Service, Kirkkotie 13 PL 28, FIN-20541 Turku, Finland.
Contact Dermatitis. 2001 Apr;44(4):218-23. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.044004218.x.
Nickel allergy was studied in a sample of 1st-year university students starting their studies in 1995. A total of 296 subjects (72%) of 413 invited participated in the clinical examination, and 284, 96 male and 188 female, were patch tested (69%). A history of nickel sensitization was enquired for. Prick tests and serum specific IgE levels were determined. Occurrence of atopic dermatitis, hand eczema, and current exposure to metals were recorded. Nickel allergy was encountered in 39% of all female students, in 42% of females with pierced skin, and in 14% of females without pierced skin. The corresponding figures for males were 3%, 7% and 3%. In the multiple regression analysis, the risk factors for nickel allergy were female sex (OR 8.1, p<0.01), current metal exposure at examination (OR 4.1, p<0.01) and skin piercing (OR 3.6, p<0.05). Positive prick tests or elevated IgE levels to common allergens were not significantly associated with nickel allergy. In female students, the prevalence of nickel allergy has increased from 13% in 1986 to 39%. The prevalence among males has remained low at 3%. The results indicate that, in addition to skin piercing, current metal contacts are important risk factors for nickel allergy. This finding gives support to the EU Nickel Directive.
对1995年开始就读的一年级大学生样本进行了镍过敏研究。在413名受邀者中，共有296名受试者（72%）参加了临床检查，284名受试者（69%）进行了斑贴试验，其中96名男性，188名女性。询问了镍致敏史，测定了点刺试验和血清特异性IgE水平，记录了特应性皮炎、手部湿疹的发生情况以及当前金属接触情况。在所有女学生中，39%存在镍过敏；在有皮肤穿刺的女性中，42%存在镍过敏；在无皮肤穿刺的女性中，14%存在镍过敏。男性的相应比例分别为3%、7%和3%。多元回归分析显示，镍过敏的危险因素为女性（比值比8.1，p<0.01）、检查时当前金属接触（比值比4.1，p<0.01）和皮肤穿刺（比值比3.6，p<0.05）。对常见变应原的点刺试验阳性或IgE水平升高与镍过敏无显著相关性。在女学生中，镍过敏患病率从1986年的13%上升至39%。男性患病率一直较低，为3%。结果表明，除皮肤穿刺外，当前金属接触是镍过敏的重要危险因素。这一发现支持了欧盟镍指令。
