Wallace F A, Miles E A, Evans C, Stock T E, Yaqoob P, Calder P C
Institute of Human Nutrition, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.
J Leukoc Biol. 2001 Mar;69(3):449-57.
C57B16 mice were fed for 6 weeks on a low-fat diet or on high-fat diets containing coconut oil (rich in saturated fatty acids), safflower oil [rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)], or fish oil (rich in n-3 PUFAs) as the main fat sources. The fatty acid composition of the spleen lymphocytes was influenced by that of the diet fed. Thymidine incorporation into concanavalin A-stimulated spleen lymphocytes and interleukin (IL)-2 production were highest after feeding the coconut oil diet. Interferon (IFN)-gamma production was decreased by safflower oil or fish oil feeding. IL-4 production was not significantly affected by diet, although production was lowest by lymphocytes from fish oil-fed mice. The ratio of production of Th1- to Th2-type cytokines (determined as the IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio) was lower for lymphocytes from mice fed the safflower oil or fish oil diets. After 4 h of culture, IL-2 mRNA levels were higher in cells from mice fed coconut oil, and IFN-gamma mRNA levels were higher in cells from mice fed coconut oil or safflower oil. After 8 h of culture, IL-2, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 mRNA levels were lowest in cells from mice fed fish oil. The ratio of the relative levels of IFN-gamma mRNA to IL-4 mRNA was highest in cells from mice fed coconut oil and was lowest in cells of mice fed fish oil. The influence of individual fatty acids on IL-2 production by murine spleen lymphocytes was examined in vitro. Although all fatty acids decreased IL-2 production in a concentration-dependent manner, saturated fatty acids were the least potent and n-3 PUFAs the most potent inhibitors, with n-6 PUFAs falling in between in terms of potency. It is concluded that saturated fatty acids have minimal effects on cytokine production. In contrast, PUFAs act to inhibit production of Th1-type cytokines with little effect on Th2-type cytokines; n-3 PUFAs are particularly potent. The effects of fatty acids on cytokine production appear to be exerted at the level of gene expression.
将C57B16小鼠分别用低脂饮食或富含饱和脂肪酸的椰子油、富含n-6多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的红花油或富含n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的鱼油作为主要脂肪来源的高脂饮食喂养6周。脾脏淋巴细胞的脂肪酸组成受所喂饮食的影响。喂食椰子油饮食后，伴刀豆球蛋白A刺激的脾脏淋巴细胞中胸苷掺入量和白细胞介素（IL）-2产量最高。喂食红花油或鱼油会降低干扰素（IFN）-γ的产量。IL-4的产量不受饮食的显著影响，尽管鱼油喂养小鼠的淋巴细胞产生的IL-4最低。喂食红花油或鱼油饮食的小鼠淋巴细胞产生的Th1型细胞因子与Th2型细胞因子的比例（以IFN-γ/IL-4比值确定）较低。培养4小时后，喂食椰子油小鼠的细胞中IL-2 mRNA水平较高，喂食椰子油或红花油小鼠的细胞中IFN-γ mRNA水平较高。培养8小时后，喂食鱼油小鼠的细胞中IL-2、IFN-γ和IL-4 mRNA水平最低。IFN-γ mRNA与IL-4 mRNA的相对水平比值在喂食椰子油小鼠的细胞中最高，在喂食鱼油小鼠的细胞中最低。在体外研究了单个脂肪酸对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞产生IL-2的影响。尽管所有脂肪酸均以浓度依赖性方式降低IL-2的产生，但饱和脂肪酸的作用最小，n-3多不饱和脂肪酸是最有效的抑制剂，n-6多不饱和脂肪酸的效力介于两者之间。得出的结论是，饱和脂肪酸对细胞因子产生的影响最小。相比之下，多不饱和脂肪酸可抑制Th1型细胞因子的产生，而对Th2型细胞因子影响较小；n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的作用尤为显著。脂肪酸对细胞因子产生的影响似乎是在基因表达水平上发挥作用。
