Fontana R S, Sanderson D R, Woolner L B, Miller W E, Bernatz P E, Payne W S, Taylor W F
Chest. 1975 May;67(5):511-22. doi: 10.1378/chest.67.5.511.
The Mayo Lung Project (MLP) is a screening program designed to detect bronchogenic carcinoma at a curable stage. Screening tests include chest roentgenograms, three-day "pooled" sputum cytology studies, and lung-health questionnaires. These are being applied every four months to a study population of outpatients who have a high probability of developing lung cancer. Initial patient acceptance of the screening program has been excellent. Small asymptomatic lung cancers have been detected both roentgenographically and cytologically. The two procedures have complemented each other with little overlap. Chest roentgenography has proved most useful in diagnosing peripherally situated cancers, whereas sputum cytology studies have been most effective in identifying early squamous cancer involving major airways. At present, more cancers have been detected roentgenographically than cytologically, but the cytologically detected cases appear to have a better prognosis. Roentgenographically occult cancers have been localized with regularity, although the localization process is complicated. Theoretically, vigorous application of radiologic and cytologic screening, combined with optimum use of localizing procedures and treatment, could increase the five-year survival rate among lung cancer patients to nearly 50 percent. However, the actual survivorship attained will ultimately be determined by currently imponderable factors such as patient acceptance of longterm screening, frequency of multicentric respiratory cancers, and incidence of noncancerous smoking-related diseases, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and ischemic heart disease.
梅奥肺癌项目（MLP）是一项旨在在可治愈阶段检测支气管源性癌的筛查计划。筛查测试包括胸部X光片、为期三天的“汇集”痰细胞学研究以及肺部健康问卷。这些检查每四个月应用于一组患肺癌可能性很高的门诊研究人群。患者对筛查计划的初始接受度非常好。通过X光检查和细胞学检查都发现了无症状的小肺癌。这两种检查方法相互补充，重叠较少。胸部X光检查在诊断周边部位的癌症方面最为有用，而痰细胞学研究在识别累及主要气道的早期鳞状细胞癌方面最为有效。目前，通过X光检查发现的癌症比细胞学检查发现的更多，但通过细胞学检查发现的病例预后似乎更好。X光检查隐匿的癌症能够定期定位，尽管定位过程很复杂。从理论上讲，大力应用放射学和细胞学筛查，结合对定位程序和治疗的最佳利用，可将肺癌患者的五年生存率提高到近50%。然而，实际实现的生存率最终将由目前难以估量的因素决定，如患者对长期筛查的接受度、多中心呼吸道癌症的发生率以及与吸烟相关的非癌性疾病的发生率，尤其是慢性阻塞性肺疾病和缺血性心脏病。
