Public Opin Q. 2001 Spring;65(1):1-21. doi: 10.1086/320035.
When candidates assume issue positions opposite those of their sponsoring political party do citizens recognize these positions? Relatedly, what role do candidates' actual issue positions play in citizens' perceptions of their issue positions? Examining citizens' perceptions of 1996 and 1998 House candidates' position on abortion, this research finds that citizens' perceptions are shaped largely by partisan and, to a lesser extent, gender stereotypes. However, candidates' individuating positions on abortion influence perceptions of the candidates' position, but the effects are considerably stronger for perceptions of Republican candidates. Democratic candidates are likely to adopt anti-abortion positions in districts characterized by lower than average levels of political awareness and education, reducing the likelihood their party-contradicting position is accurately perceived. In contrast, Republican candidates adopt a pro-choice position in districts characterized by high education and political awareness, increasing the likelihood their position is accurately perceived.
当候选人的立场与他们所支持的政党的立场相反时，公民是否会认识到这些立场？相关地，候选人的实际立场在公民对其立场的看法中扮演什么角色？本研究通过考察 1996 年和 1998 年众议院候选人在堕胎问题上的立场，发现公民的看法主要受到党派和性别刻板印象的影响。然而，候选人在堕胎问题上的个人立场影响了他们对候选人立场的看法，但这种影响对共和党候选人的看法更为强烈。在政治意识和教育水平低于平均水平的地区，民主党候选人可能会采取反堕胎立场，从而降低其立场被准确感知的可能性。相比之下，共和党候选人在教育和政治意识水平较高的地区采取支持选择的立场，增加了他们的立场被准确感知的可能性。
