Abo-Shaeer J R, Raman C, Vogels J M, Ketterle W
Department of Physics, Center for Ultracold Atoms at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Science. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):476-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1060182. Epub 2001 Mar 22.
Quantized vortices play a key role in superfluidity and superconductivity. We have observed the formation of highly ordered vortex lattices in a rotating Bose-condensed gas. These triangular lattices contained over 100 vortices with lifetimes of several seconds. Individual vortices persisted up to 40 seconds. The lattices could be generated over a wide range of rotation frequencies and trap geometries, shedding light on the formation process. Our observation of dislocations, irregular structure, and dynamics indicates that gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates may be a model system for the study of vortex matter.
量子化涡旋在超流性和超导性中起着关键作用。我们在旋转的玻色凝聚气体中观察到了高度有序的涡旋晶格的形成。这些三角形晶格包含100多个涡旋，其寿命为几秒。单个涡旋持续存在长达40秒。这些晶格可以在很宽的旋转频率和陷阱几何形状范围内产生，这为形成过程提供了线索。我们对位错、不规则结构和动力学的观察表明，气态玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体可能是研究涡旋物质的一个模型系统。
