Dijkhuizen M A, Wieringa F T, West C E
Division of Human Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Netherlands.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Apr;73(4):786-91. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/73.4.786.
Deficiencies of vitamin A, iron, and zinc are prevalent worldwide, affecting vulnerable groups such as lactating women and infants. However, the existence of concurrent deficiencies has received little attention.
The aim was to investigate the extent to which deficiencies of vitamin A, iron, and zinc coexist and the nutritional relation between lactating mothers and their infants.
In a cross-sectional survey in rural West Java, Indonesia, 155 lactating mothers and their healthy infants were assessed anthropometrically and blood, urine, and breast-milk samples were obtained.
Marginal vitamin A deficiency was found in 54% of the infants and 18% of the mothers. More than 50% of the mothers and infants were anemic and 17% of the infants and 25% of the mothers were zinc deficient. There was a strong interrelation between the micronutrient status of the mothers and infants and the concentrations of retinol and beta-carotene in breast milk. Vitamin A deficiency in infants led to an increased risk of anemia and zinc deficiency (odds ratios: 2.5 and 2.9, respectively), whereas in mothers the risk of anemia and iron deficiency (odds ratios: 3.8 and 4.8, respectively) increased. In infants, concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I were related to concentrations of plasma retinol and beta-carotene but not to zinc.
Micronutrient deficiencies were prevalent in West Java. The micronutrient status of lactating mothers and that of their infants were closely related; breast milk was a key connecting factor for vitamin A status. Furthermore, concurrent micronutrient deficiencies appeared to be the norm.
维生素A、铁和锌缺乏在全球普遍存在，影响着哺乳期妇女和婴儿等弱势群体。然而，同时存在多种营养素缺乏的情况却很少受到关注。
旨在调查维生素A、铁和锌缺乏同时存在的程度以及哺乳期母亲及其婴儿之间的营养关系。
在印度尼西亚西爪哇农村地区进行的一项横断面调查中，对155名哺乳期母亲及其健康婴儿进行了人体测量评估，并采集了血液、尿液和母乳样本。
54%的婴儿和18%的母亲存在边缘性维生素A缺乏。超过50%的母亲和婴儿贫血，17%的婴儿和25%的母亲锌缺乏。母亲和婴儿的微量营养素状况与母乳中视黄醇和β-胡萝卜素的浓度之间存在密切关联。婴儿维生素A缺乏会增加贫血和锌缺乏的风险（比值比分别为2.5和2.9），而母亲贫血和缺铁的风险增加（比值比分别为3.8和4.8）。在婴儿中，胰岛素样生长因子I的浓度与血浆视黄醇和β-胡萝卜素的浓度有关，但与锌无关。
西爪哇地区微量营养素缺乏普遍存在。哺乳期母亲及其婴儿的微量营养素状况密切相关；母乳是维生素A状况的关键连接因素。此外，同时存在多种微量营养素缺乏似乎是常态。
