Department of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany.
Eur J Nutr. 2012 Jun;51(4):425-34. doi: 10.1007/s00394-011-0226-z. Epub 2011 Jul 23.
Deficiency of micronutrients is common in refugee populations.
Identify deficiencies and whether provided supplements and wheat flour fortified with 10 micronutrients impacts upon status among breast-feeding women from Maela refugee camp.
Two sequential cross-sectional studies were conducted in different groups of lactating mothers at 12 weeks postpartum. The first survey was before and the second 4-5 months after micronutrient fortified flour (MFF) had been provided to the camp (in addition to the regular food basket). Iron status and micronutrients were measured in serum, whole blood, and in breast milk samples.
Iron and zinc deficiency and anemia were highly prevalent while low serum retinol and thiamine deficiency were rarely detected. Iron and zinc deficiency were associated with anemia, and their proportions were significantly lower after the introduction of MFF (21 vs. 35% with soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) >8.5 mg/L, P = 0.042, and 50 vs. 73% with serum zinc <0.66 mg/L, P = 0.001). Serum sTfR, whole-blood thiamine diphosphate (TDP) and serum β-carotene were significant predictors (P < 0.001) of milk iron, thiamine and β-carotene, respectively. Lower prevalence of iron deficiency in the MFF group was associated with significantly higher iron and thiamine in breast milk.
High whole-blood TDP and breast milk thiamine reflected good compliance to provided thiamine; high prevalence of iron deficiency suggested insufficient dietary iron and low acceptance to ferrous sulfate supplements. MFF as an additional food ration in Maela refugee camp seemed to have an effect in reducing both iron and zinc deficiency postpartum.
微量营养素缺乏在难民群体中很常见。
确定缺乏情况，并评估提供补充剂和强化 10 种微量营养素的小麦粉是否会影响来自 Maela 难民营的哺乳期妇女的营养状况。
在产后 12 周，对两组不同的哺乳期母亲进行了两项连续的横断面研究。第一项调查是在提供强化面粉（除常规食物篮外）之前进行的，第二项调查是在 4-5 个月之后进行的。血清、全血和母乳样本中检测铁状态和微量营养素。
铁和锌缺乏以及贫血的患病率很高，而低血清视黄醇和硫胺素缺乏则很少见。铁和锌缺乏与贫血有关，在引入 MFF 后，其比例显著降低（可溶性转铁蛋白受体（sTfR）> 8.5mg/L 的铁和锌缺乏分别为 21%和 35%，P = 0.042，血清锌<0.66mg/L 的铁和锌缺乏分别为 50%和 73%，P = 0.001）。血清 sTfR、全血硫胺素二磷酸（TDP）和血清 β-胡萝卜素是母乳铁、硫胺素和 β-胡萝卜素的显著预测因子（P < 0.001）。MFF 组铁缺乏症的低患病率与母乳中铁和硫胺素的含量显著升高有关。
全血 TDP 较高和母乳中硫胺素较高表明提供的硫胺素得到了很好的依从性；铁缺乏症的高患病率表明饮食中铁不足，硫酸亚铁补充剂的接受度低。在 Maela 难民营，强化面粉作为额外的食物配给，似乎对产后铁和锌缺乏有一定的改善作用。
