Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2022 Jul 27;17(7):e0271984. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271984. eCollection 2022.
Inadequate intake of micronutrients in lactating women was prevalent worldwide. In particular, to our knowledge, there has been little report concerning Ethiopian lactating women regarding their micronutrient intake. Our objective was to assess micronutrient intake inadequacy and its associated factors among lactating women in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021.
Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 15 to March 05, 2021. Four hundred thirteen respondents were selected through systematic random sampling. Data were collected by interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire and a single multiphasic 24 hours dietary recall was used to assess dietary assessment. Data entry and analysis were carried out using EpiData and SPSS respectively. The ESHA food processor, Ethiopian food composition table, and world food composition table have used the calculation of nutrient values of the selected micronutrient. The nutrient intakes were assessed by Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) and Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR). Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was done to identify the factors of overall micronutrient intake inadequacy.
The overall prevalence of micronutrient intake inadequacy across 12 nutrients was 39.9% [95% CI (34.9, 45.0)]. The inadequate intake of vitamin A was 98.2%. Similarly, the inadequate intake of B vitamins ranges from 13.4% to 68.5%. The insufficient intakes of calcium, iron, and zinc were 70.9%, 0%, and 4.7%, respectively. Around 36 and 91.6% of the respondents had inadequate intake of selenium and sodium, respectively. On multivariable logistic regression analysis; Being divorced was 2.7 times more likely to have overall micronutrient intake inadequacy than being married [AOR = 2.71, 95% CI (1.01, 7.33)]. The odds of overall micronutrient intake inadequacy were 2.6 higher in merchants than in housewives [AOR = 2.63, 95% CI (1.40, 4.93)]. Lactating women who had poor nutritional knowledge were 2.7 times more likely to have overall micronutrient intake inadequacy than those who had good nutritional knowledge [AOR = 2.71, 95% CI (1.47, 4.99)].
Overall, the micronutrient intake in lactating women was lower than the recommended levels. Therefore; educating lactating women about appropriate dietary intake is essential.
哺乳期妇女普遍存在微量营养素摄入不足的问题。特别是，据我们所知，关于埃塞俄比亚哺乳期妇女的微量营养素摄入情况，几乎没有报道。我们的目的是评估 2021 年在埃塞俄比亚西北部巴赫达尔市哺乳期妇女的微量营养素摄入不足及其相关因素。
这是一项基于社区的横断面研究，于 2021 年 2 月 15 日至 3 月 5 日进行。通过系统随机抽样选择了 413 名受访者。通过访谈员管理的半结构式问卷收集数据，并使用单次多阶段 24 小时膳食回忆来评估膳食评估。数据的录入和分析分别使用 EpiData 和 SPSS 进行。使用 ESHA 食品处理器、埃塞俄比亚食物成分表和世界食物成分表计算选定微量营养素的营养素值。通过营养素充足率（NAR）和平均充足率（MAR）评估营养素摄入量。采用多变量二分类逻辑回归分析确定总体微量营养素摄入不足的因素。
12 种营养素中，总体微量营养素摄入不足的发生率为 39.9%[95%CI（34.9, 45.0）]。维生素 A 摄入不足的发生率为 98.2%。同样，B 族维生素的摄入不足率在 13.4%至 68.5%之间。钙、铁和锌的摄入量不足率分别为 70.9%、0%和 4.7%。约 36%和 91.6%的受访者摄入硒和钠不足。在多变量逻辑回归分析中，与已婚相比，离婚的妇女总体微量营养素摄入不足的可能性高 2.7 倍[AOR=2.71,95%CI（1.01, 7.33）]。与家庭主妇相比，商人总体微量营养素摄入不足的可能性高 2.6 倍[AOR=2.63,95%CI（1.40, 4.93）]。营养知识差的哺乳期妇女总体微量营养素摄入不足的可能性是营养知识好的妇女的 2.7 倍[AOR=2.71,95%CI（1.47, 4.99）]。
总体而言，哺乳期妇女的微量营养素摄入低于推荐水平。因此，教育哺乳期妇女适当的饮食摄入是必要的。
