Seidel H, Blüthner R, Hinz B
Department for Occupational Health, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (FIOSH), Group Biological Effects of Vibration and Noise, Nöldnerstrasse 40-42, D-10317, Berlin, German.
Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2001;16 Suppl 1:S57-63. doi: 10.1016/s0268-0033(00)00106-6.
To predict forces acting on the spine during whole-body vibration for a variety of boundary conditions - body mass, height and posture.Design. Representative anthropometric data and models for an upright, relaxed and bent forward sitting posture were used to derive model families with 30 variants of a finite-element model.
A given exposure to whole-body vibration can cause a variable health risk depending on the concomitant conditions. The latter could contribute to the considerable uncertainty of the current evaluation of whole-body vibration.
Plane symmetric linear finite-element models were used for the prediction of static and dynamic compression and shear forces acting on the lumbar discs during whole-body vibration. Transfer functions from seat acceleration to forces were determined.
A bent forward posture augments essentially the compressive and shear stress, predicted for erect and relaxed sitting postures. The normal variation of body mass and height causes a considerable variation of static internal shear stress, but a minor variation of compressive pressure. The dynamic internal stress varies nearly proportionally to the body mass. The transfer functions from seat acceleration to compressive force depend significantly on the posture.
The variability of the spinal loads for a given whole-body vibration and associated with a normal range of several biological factors suggests a ratio between the minimum and maximum internal loads of about 1:2.
Finite-element models can be used to compare the health risk arising from different whole-body vibration exposures and individual conditions. These results help to prevent work-related disorders of the lumbar spine.
预测在多种边界条件（体重、身高和姿势）下全身振动时作用于脊柱的力。
使用具有代表性的人体测量数据以及直立、放松和前倾坐姿的模型，推导出包含30种有限元模型变体的模型族。
在全身振动的特定暴露情况下，健康风险会因伴随条件的不同而有所变化。这可能导致当前全身振动评估存在相当大的不确定性。
使用平面对称线性有限元模型来预测全身振动期间作用于腰椎间盘的静态和动态压缩力及剪切力。确定从座椅加速度到力的传递函数。
前倾姿势会显著增加预测的直立和放松坐姿下的压缩应力和剪切应力。体重和身高的正常变化会导致静态内部剪切应力有相当大的变化，但压缩压力变化较小。动态内部应力几乎与体重成比例变化。从座椅加速度到压缩力的传递函数显著取决于姿势。
对于给定的全身振动，脊柱负荷的变异性以及与几种生物学因素正常范围相关的情况表明，最小和最大内部负荷之比约为1:2。
有限元模型可用于比较不同全身振动暴露和个体条件下产生的健康风险。这些结果有助于预防与工作相关的腰椎疾病。
