Farber M, Schamhardt H, van Weeren R, Barneveld A
Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Am J Vet Res. 2001 Mar;62(3):301-6. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.301.
To determine the validity of using skin-fixated markers to assess kinematics of the thoracolumbar vertebral column in horses.
5 Dutch Warmblood horses without abnormalities of the vertebral column.
Kinematics of T6, T10, T13, T17, L1, L3, L5, S3, and both tuber coxae were determined by use of bone-fixated and skin-fixated markers. Three-dimensional coordinate data were collected while horses were walking and trotting on a treadmill. Angular motion patterns were calculated and compared on the basis of 2-dimensional analysis of data from skin-fixated markers and 3-dimensional analysis of data from bone-fixated markers.
Flexion-extension of thoracolumbar vertebrae and axial rotation of the sacrum were satisfactorily determined at both the walk and trot, using skin-fixated markers. Data from skin-fixated markers were accurate for determining lateral bending at the walk in the midthoracic and lower lumbar portion of the vertebral column only. However, at the trot, data from skin-fixated markers were valid for determining lateral bending for all thoracolumbar vertebrae.
Caution should be taken when interpreting data obtained by use of skin-fixated markers on lateral bending motions during the walk in horses. For determination of other rotations at the walk and all rotations at the trot, use of skin-fixated markers allows valid calculations of kinematics of the vertebral column. Understanding to what extent movements of skin-fixated markers reflect true vertebral motion is a compulsory step in developing noninvasive methods for diagnosing abnormalities of the vertebral column and related musculature in horses.
确定使用皮肤固定标记物评估马胸腰椎运动学的有效性。
5匹无脊柱异常的荷兰温血马。
使用骨固定和皮肤固定标记物测定T6、T10、T13、T17、L1、L3、L5、S3以及双侧髋结节的运动学。在马在跑步机上行走和小跑时收集三维坐标数据。基于皮肤固定标记物数据的二维分析和骨固定标记物数据的三维分析计算并比较角运动模式。
使用皮肤固定标记物在行走和小跑时均能令人满意地测定胸腰椎的屈伸以及骶骨的轴向旋转。皮肤固定标记物的数据仅在行走时对于确定脊柱中胸段和下腰段的侧方弯曲是准确的。然而，在小跑时，皮肤固定标记物的数据对于确定所有胸腰椎的侧方弯曲是有效的。
在解释马行走时使用皮肤固定标记物获得的关于侧方弯曲运动的数据时应谨慎。对于确定行走时的其他旋转以及小跑时的所有旋转，使用皮肤固定标记物可有效计算脊柱的运动学。了解皮肤固定标记物的运动在多大程度上反映真实的椎体运动是开发用于诊断马脊柱及相关肌肉组织异常的非侵入性方法的必要步骤。
