Holtgraves T, Ashley A
Department of Psychological Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2001 Jan;29(1):83-90. doi: 10.3758/bf03195743.
According to speech act theory (Searle, 1969), utterances have both a propositional content and an illocutionary force (the speech act performed with the utterance). Four experiments were conducted to examine whether utterance comprehension involves speech act recognition. Participants in all experiments first read remarks that could be characterized by a particular speech act (e.g., beg). A recognition probe reaction time procedure was used in Experiments 1 and 2; participants indicated whether a probe word had literally appeared in the last remark that they had read. Participants were significantly slower at making this judgment (and made significantly more errors) when the probe represented the speech act performed with the prior remark than when it did not. A lexical decision task was used in Experiments 3 and 4, and participants were significantly faster at verifying target words representing the speech act performed with a remark, relative to control words. Overall, the results suggest that speech act recognition may be an important component of the comprehension of conversational remarks.
根据言语行为理论（塞尔，1969），话语既有命题内容又有语用力量（通过该话语实施的言语行为）。进行了四项实验来检验话语理解是否涉及言语行为识别。所有实验的参与者首先阅读可以用特定言语行为（如请求）来描述的话语。实验1和实验2使用了识别探测反应时程序；参与者指出一个探测词是否确实出现在他们最后阅读的话语中。当探测词代表与先前话语实施的言语行为时，参与者做出这种判断的速度明显较慢（并且错误明显更多），而当探测词不代表该言语行为时则不然。实验3和实验4使用了词汇判断任务，相对于控制词，参与者在验证代表与话语实施的言语行为的目标词时速度明显更快。总体而言，结果表明言语行为识别可能是对话语理解的一个重要组成部分。
