Chen E Y, Wong A W, Chen R Y, Au J W
Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Schizophr Res. 2001 Mar 1;48(1):29-44. doi: 10.1016/s0920-9964(00)00107-9.
In the Stroop test, interference occurs in naming the print color of a word when the word is itself the name of another color. Facilitation occurs when the word is the same as the print color. Previous studies on selective attention in schizophrenia using the Stroop interference effects have yielded contradicting results. Constraints included limited sample size and the recruitment of medicated chronic patients. We studied the Stroop interference and facilitation effects in a relatively large sample of first-episode schizophrenic patients (n=56), a substantial proportion of whom were medication-naïve (n=30) at the time of initial testing. We have also carried out longitudinal follow-up assessments when patients reached a clinically stable state, as well as 4months after recovery from the episode. We found that the Stroop interference effect was not increased in first-episode schizophrenic patients, whether medication-naïve or not. This effect did not change over the follow-up period. In addition, we detected an increase in Stroop facilitation effect in medicated schizophrenic patients, but only in the initial assessment soon after they had received medication. After sustained treatment, the increase in facilitation was normalized. These observations supported previous findings of a normal Stroop interference effect amongst schizophrenic patients. The increased facilitation effect for patients in their early phase of treatment (but not later) may represent an acute effect of anti-psychotic medication. Its nature and significance require further investigation.
在斯特鲁普测试中，当一个单词本身是另一种颜色的名称时，说出该单词印刷颜色会出现干扰现象。当单词与印刷颜色相同时，则会出现促进现象。以往利用斯特鲁普干扰效应研究精神分裂症患者选择性注意的研究结果相互矛盾。这些研究的局限性包括样本量有限以及招募的是接受药物治疗的慢性病患者。我们对相对较大样本量的首发精神分裂症患者（n = 56）进行了斯特鲁普干扰和促进效应研究，其中很大一部分患者在初次测试时未接受过药物治疗（n = 30）。我们还在患者达到临床稳定状态时以及从发作中恢复4个月后进行了纵向随访评估。我们发现，首发精神分裂症患者，无论是否未接受过药物治疗，其斯特鲁普干扰效应均未增加。在随访期间，这一效应没有变化。此外，我们发现接受药物治疗的精神分裂症患者的斯特鲁普促进效应有所增加，但仅在他们接受药物治疗后的初次评估中出现。经过持续治疗后，促进效应的增加恢复正常。这些观察结果支持了之前关于精神分裂症患者斯特鲁普干扰效应正常的研究发现。治疗早期（而非后期）患者促进效应的增加可能代表了抗精神病药物的急性效应。其性质和意义需要进一步研究。
