Leroyer A, Hemon D, Nisse C, Bazerques J, Salomez J L, Haguenoer J M
Centre de Recherches en Santé Travail Ergonomie, Lille, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2001 Feb 21;267(1-3):87-99. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(00)00762-2.
As part of the assessment of a site in northern France polluted by metals from two smelters (in particular, lead, cadmium and mercury), a cross-sectional study was carried out which intended to estimate the levels of the lead burden of the adult population living on the site and the factors associated with these levels. The exposed zone included 10 municipalities in the Nord-Pas de Calais region, located in the vicinity of two non-ferrous metal smelters. The soils in these municipalities contained between 100 and 1700 ppm of lead. The non-polluted zone contained 20 municipalities from the same region, drawn randomly from those in the region of comparable size but free from any industrial lead exposure. The adult study population (301 men and 300 women) was stratified according to age, sex, employment status and exposure level. The inclusion criteria required subjects who were aged between 20 and 50 years and had been living in the exposed zone for at least 8 years; the exclusion criteria were pregnancy, cancer, kidney disease and diabetes. No more than 10% of the subjects participating could work at one of the two smelters. Data collection took place at home; visiting nurses interviewed subjects to complete a questionnaire and also took blood samples. The lead assay was performed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The geometric mean of the blood-lead levels was 74 microg/l, 95% CI = 69-80 among men and 49 microg/l, 95% CI = 46-53 among women. Blood-lead levels exceeding 100 microg/l were found among 30% of men and 12% of women. Several factors were associated with variation of the mean blood-lead level: the blood-lead level was significantly higher among the men for subjects living less than 1 km from the smelters (geometric mean x 1.3, 95% CI = 1.1-1.6), for those who drink alcoholic beverages (x 1.1, 95% CI = 1.0-1.2 for consumption of 30 g/day), those who smoke (x 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0-1.3 for 20 cigarettes/day), and for subjects with occupational exposure; among the women, for subjects living less than 1 km from the smelters (geometric mean x 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2-1.7), for those who drink alcohol (x 1.1, 95% CI = 1.1-1.2 for a daily consumption of 10 g), and for women living in a building constructed before 1948 (x 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0-1.4).
作为对法国北部一个受两家冶炼厂金属污染（特别是铅、镉和汞）场地评估的一部分，开展了一项横断面研究，旨在估计居住在该场地的成年人群体的铅负荷水平以及与这些水平相关的因素。暴露区包括北部加来海峡大区的10个市镇，位于两家有色金属冶炼厂附近。这些市镇的土壤含铅量在100至1700 ppm之间。非污染区包括来自同一大区的20个市镇，从该地区规模相当但无任何工业铅暴露的市镇中随机抽取。成年研究人群（301名男性和300名女性）按年龄、性别、就业状况和暴露水平进行分层。纳入标准要求受试者年龄在20至50岁之间且已在暴露区居住至少8年；排除标准为怀孕、癌症、肾病和糖尿病。参与研究的受试者中在两家冶炼厂之一工作的人数不超过10%。数据收集在受试者家中进行；访视护士对受试者进行访谈以完成一份问卷，并采集血样。铅含量测定采用原子吸收光谱法。男性血铅水平的几何均值为74微克/升，95%置信区间为69 - 80；女性为49微克/升，95%置信区间为46 - 53。30%的男性和12%的女性血铅水平超过100微克/升。有几个因素与平均血铅水平的变化相关：对于居住在距离冶炼厂不到1公里的男性受试者（几何均值×1.3，95%置信区间为1.1 - 1.6）、饮用酒精饮料的男性（每日饮用30克时，几何均值×1.1，95%置信区间为1.0 - 1.2）、吸烟的男性（每日吸20支烟时，几何均值×1.2，95%置信区间为1.0 - 1.3）以及有职业暴露的男性，其血铅水平显著更高；对于女性，居住在距离冶炼厂不到1公里的受试者（几何均值×1.5，95%置信区间为1.2 - 1.7）、饮用酒精饮料的女性（每日饮用10克时，几何均值×1.1，95%置信区间为1.1 - 1.2）以及居住在1948年前建造房屋中的女性（几何均值×1.2，95%置信区间为1.0 - 1.4），其血铅水平显著更高。
