Chien M Y, Wu Y T, Hsu A T, Yang R S, Lai J S
School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC.
Calcif Tissue Int. 2000 Dec;67(6):443-8. doi: 10.1007/s002230001180.
Osteoporosis is one of the most common skeletal disorders affecting postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a 24-week program of aerobic high-impact loading exercise was beneficial for enhancing physical fitness and bone mineral density (BMD) in osteopenic postmenopausal women. Forty-three postmenopausal women aged 48-65 years participated in this study. The BMD of the spine (L2-L4) and right femoral neck of each woman was below 1 SD of the mean of premenopausal women, as examined by dual X-ray absorptiometry. The assignment of subjects into exercise or control group was not randomized but based on each subject's anticipated compliance to the 6-month long exercise program. Twenty-two subjects joined the exercise group and attended the training programs and 21 served as the control group. Exercise programs included treadmill walking at an intensity above 70% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) for 30 minutes, followed by 10 minutes of stepping exercise using a 20-cm-high bench. The program was conducted three times per week for 24 weeks. Physical fitness measurements included testing of flexibility, muscular strength and endurance, body composition, and cardiopulmonary fitness. The results showed that the quadriceps strength, muscular endurance, and VO2max in the exercise group had significant improvements, whereas no improvement was found in any of the physical fitness parameters in the control group. The BMD of the L2-L4 and the femoral neck in the exercise group increased 2.0% (P > 0.05) and 6.8% (P < 0.05) and those in the control group decreased 2.3% (P < 0.05) and 1.5% (P > 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, aerobics combined with high-impact exercise at a moderate intensity was effective in offsetting the decline in BMD in osteopenic postmenopausal women.
骨质疏松症是影响绝经后女性的最常见骨骼疾病之一。本研究的目的是调查一项为期24周的有氧高强度负荷运动计划是否有利于提高骨质减少的绝经后女性的身体素质和骨矿物质密度（BMD）。43名年龄在48 - 65岁的绝经后女性参与了本研究。通过双能X线吸收法检查，每名女性的脊柱（L2 - L4）和右股骨颈的骨密度低于绝经前女性平均值的1个标准差。将受试者分为运动组或对照组并非随机分组，而是基于每个受试者对为期6个月的运动计划的预期依从性。22名受试者加入运动组并参加训练计划，21名作为对照组。运动计划包括在跑步机上以高于最大耗氧量（VO2max）70%的强度行走30分钟，然后使用20厘米高的长凳进行10分钟的台阶运动。该计划每周进行3次，共24周。身体素质测量包括柔韧性、肌肉力量和耐力、身体成分以及心肺功能测试。结果显示，运动组的股四头肌力量、肌肉耐力和VO2max有显著改善，而对照组的任何身体素质参数均未改善。运动组L2 - L4和股骨颈的骨密度分别增加了2.0%（P > 0.05）和6.8%（P < 0.05），而对照组分别下降了2.3%（P < 0.05）和1.5%（P > ）。总之，有氧运动结合中等强度的高强度运动可有效抵消骨质减少的绝经后女性骨密度的下降。
