Braun D, Haake F, Strunz W T
Fachbereich Physik, Universität Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany.
Phys Rev Lett. 2001 Apr 2;86(14):2913-7. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.2913.
We consider environment induced decoherence of quantum superpositions to mixtures in the limit in which that process is much faster than any competing one generated by the Hamiltonian H(sys) of the isolated system. While the golden rule then does not apply we can discard H(sys). By allowing for couplings to different reservoirs, we reveal decoherence as a universal short-time phenomenon independent of the character of the system as well as the bath and of the basis the superimposed states are taken from. We discuss consequences for the classical behavior of the macroworld and quantum measurement: For decoherence of superpositions of macroscopically distinct states H(sys) is always negligible.
我们考虑在环境诱导量子叠加态退相干到混合态的极限情况下，该过程比由孤立系统的哈密顿量H(sys)产生的任何竞争过程都要快得多。虽然此时黄金规则不适用，但我们可以忽略H(sys)。通过考虑与不同储能器的耦合，我们揭示了退相干是一种普遍的短时间现象，它与系统以及热库的特性无关，也与叠加态所取自的基无关。我们讨论了对宏观世界的经典行为和量子测量的影响：对于宏观上不同状态的叠加态的退相干，H(sys)总是可以忽略不计的。
