Theory Division, T-4, MS B213, LANL, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
Department of Physics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Nat Commun. 2019 Mar 4;10(1):1024. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08426-4.
An environment interacting with a system acquires information about it, e.g. about its location. The resulting decoherence is thought to be responsible for the emergence of the classical realm of our Universe out of the quantum substrate. However, this view of the emergence of the classical is sometimes dismissed as a consequence of insufficient isolation and, hence, as non-fundamental. In contrast to many other systems, a black hole can never be isolated from its Hawking radiation which carries information about its location, making this lack of isolation fundamental. Here we consider the decoherence of a "black hole Schrödinger cat"-a non-local superposition of a Schwarzschild black hole in two distinct locations-due to its Hawking radiation. The resulting decoherence rate turns out to be given by a surprisingly simple equation. Moreover, and in contrast to known cases of decoherence, this rate does not involve Planck's constant ħ.
与系统相互作用的环境会获取有关系统的信息，例如其位置。由此产生的退相干被认为是导致我们宇宙的经典领域从量子基质中出现的原因。然而，这种对经典出现的看法有时被认为是由于隔离不足的结果，因此是非基本的。与许多其他系统不同，黑洞永远无法与其霍金辐射隔离，霍金辐射携带有关其位置的信息，因此这种隔离不足是基本的。在这里，我们考虑由于霍金辐射而导致的“黑洞薛定谔猫”（处于两个不同位置的施瓦茨席尔德黑洞的非局域叠加）的退相干。结果表明，退相干速率由一个令人惊讶的简单方程给出。此外，与已知的退相干情况相比，这个速率不涉及普朗克常数 ħ。
