Cinquetti M, Trabucchi C, Menegazzi N, Comucci A, Bressan F, Zoppi G
Chair and Department of Paediatrics, University and City Hospital, Verona, Italia.
Pediatr Med Chir. 1999 Nov-Dec;21(6):279-83.
To assess the influence of dietary restrictions on psychological development in adolescents with coeliac disease.
Statistical analysis on coeliac patients on gluten-free diet who agreed to answer the questionnaire.
Children with coeliac disease on gluten-free diet followed by the Department of the Pediatric Division of the City Mayor Hospital, Chair of Paediatrics, Verona University.
39 patients (15 male and 24 female) from 10 years old to 21 who chose to answer a questionnaire of 25 questions dealing with the psychological implications of coeliac disease and with the need of following a particular dietary regime, in the presence of a psychologist. The questionnaire was made up of 6 SIGNALLING questions, 15 EVALUATING questions, 4 FILTER questions. They also filled up an information sheet on the composition and social position of the family.
Fathers were on average 45.5 years old, mothers 43. Only 2 parents had no educational qualifications. Father's professions were of various kinds, 22 mothers were housewives. Only 4 patients were only children, 22 had one brother or sister. 13 patients only out of 39 claimed not to have been admonished by their parents, though, showed a conflictual relationship with food. The awareness of their difference from friends was: a) lack in children 10 to 12, b) uneasiness in adolescents 13 to 17, c) maturation and consensus in older patients. A significant number of patients feel different from their friends and these patients showed a latent envy to friends on free diet. A sense of latent envy towards the condition of independence was exhibited by patients who felt different from friends.
The acceptance of a gluten-free diet is problematic for the majority of coeliac children and adolescents, particularly for those between 12 and 17. In this group the search of an individual personality is disturbed. Difficulties connected with gluten-free diet seem to be absent in the family environment, whereas difficulties emerge significantly when relating with friends. The number of cases of our study was limited but we consider these conclusions quite significant.
Gluten-free diet, adolescents and children, relationship with parents, relationship with friends.
评估饮食限制对患有乳糜泻的青少年心理发育的影响。
对同意回答问卷的采用无麸质饮食的乳糜泻患者进行统计分析。
由维罗纳大学儿科学系主任、市长医院儿科部门跟踪调查的采用无麸质饮食的乳糜泻儿童。
39名年龄在10岁至21岁之间的患者（15名男性和24名女性），他们在心理学家在场的情况下，选择回答一份包含25个问题的问卷，这些问题涉及乳糜泻的心理影响以及遵循特定饮食方案的必要性。问卷由6个信号问题、15个评估问题、4个过滤问题组成。他们还填写了一份关于家庭组成和社会地位的信息表。
父亲的平均年龄为45.5岁，母亲为43岁。只有2名家长没有学历。父亲的职业多种多样，22名母亲是家庭主妇。39名患者中只有4名是独生子女，22名有一个兄弟姐妹。在39名患者中，只有13名声称没有受到父母的告诫，不过，他们与食物存在冲突关系。他们对自己与朋友不同的认知情况为：a）10至12岁的儿童缺乏这种认知，b）13至17岁的青少年感到不安，c）年龄较大的患者则成熟且认同这种差异。相当多的患者觉得自己与朋友不同，这些患者对自由饮食的朋友表现出潜在的嫉妒。觉得自己与朋友不同的患者表现出对独立状态的潜在嫉妒感。
对于大多数乳糜泻儿童和青少年来说，接受无麸质饮食存在问题，尤其是12至17岁的青少年。在这个年龄段，个体性格的探索受到干扰。在家庭环境中，与无麸质饮食相关的困难似乎不存在，而在与朋友相处时，困难则明显出现。我们研究的病例数量有限，但我们认为这些结论颇具意义。
无麸质饮食、青少年和儿童、与父母的关系、与朋友的关系
