McDonald A C, Mac Kenzie W R, Addiss D G, Gradus M S, Linke G, Zembrowski E, Hurd M R, Arrowood M J, Lammie P J, Priest J W
Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2001 May 1;183(9):1373-9. doi: 10.1086/319862. Epub 2001 Mar 29.
A major gastroenteritis outbreak among >400,000 residents of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in April 1993 was attributed to Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in drinking water. Plasma specimens obtained from children (6 months to 12 years old) for routine blood lead level surveillance March-May 1993 were assayed by ELISA for levels of IgG antibody against the immunodominant Triton-17 and 27-kDa C. parvum antigens. Over a 5-week period, the seroprevalence for antibodies to the 2 antigens increased from 15% to 82% and from 17% to 87%, respectively, in samples from children living in southern ZIP code areas (n=218), whereas smaller increases (20% to 43% and 22% to 46%, respectively) were noted among samples from children living in northern ZIP code areas (n=335; P<.0001). The results demonstrate that C. parvum infection was much more widespread than previously appreciated and confirm that infection was associated with residence in the area served by the southern water treatment plant.
1993年4月，美国威斯康星州密尔沃基市40多万居民中爆发了一次大规模肠胃炎疫情，病因是饮用水中的微小隐孢子虫卵囊。对1993年3月至5月为进行常规血铅水平监测而采集的儿童（6个月至12岁）血浆样本，采用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测针对微小隐孢子虫免疫显性的Triton - 17和27 kDa抗原的IgG抗体水平。在5周时间内，居住在南部邮政编码区域的儿童样本（n = 218）中，针对这两种抗原的抗体血清阳性率分别从15%升至82%和从17%升至87%，而居住在北部邮政编码区域的儿童样本（n = 335）中抗体血清阳性率增幅较小（分别为20%至43%和22%至46%；P<0.0001）。结果表明，微小隐孢子虫感染比之前认为的更为普遍，并证实感染与居住在南部水处理厂供水区域有关。
