Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2016 Sep;3(3):322-34. doi: 10.1007/s40572-016-0096-x.
This review discusses the utility of pathogen-specific antibody biomarkers for improving estimates of the population burden of waterborne infections, assessing the fraction of infections that can be prevented by specific water treatments, and understanding transmission routes and the natural history and ecology of disease in different populations (including asymptomatic infection rates).
We review recent literature on the application of pathogen-specific antibody response data to estimate incidence and prevalence of acute infections and their utility to assess the contributions of waterborne transmission pathways. Advantages and technical challenges associated with the use of serum versus minimally invasive salivary antibody biomarkers in cross-sectional and prospective surveys are discussed. We highlight recent advances and challenges and outline future directions for research, development, and application of antibody-based and other immunological biomarkers of waterborne infections.
本文讨论了病原体特异性抗体生物标志物在提高对水污染感染人群负担的估计、评估特定水处理措施可预防的感染比例以及了解不同人群（包括无症状感染率）的传播途径、疾病自然史和生态学方面的应用价值。
我们综述了最近关于应用病原体特异性抗体反应数据来估计急性感染的发病率和患病率及其用于评估水污染传播途径贡献的文献。讨论了在横断面和前瞻性调查中使用血清与微创唾液抗体生物标志物的优缺点和技术挑战。我们强调了最近的进展和挑战，并概述了基于抗体和其他水污染感染免疫生物标志物的研究、开发和应用的未来方向。
