de Messias E L, Cordeiro N F, Sampaio J J, Bartko J J, Kirkpatrick B
Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
Schizophr Res. 2001 Mar 30;48(2-3):227-34. doi: 10.1016/s0920-9964(00)00058-x.
Winter birth has been shown to increase the risk of schizophrenia in adult life. It has been hypothesized that this effect is due to seasonal variation in infectious diseases, including influenza, as exposure to influenza during mid gestation also increases the risk of schizophrenia. However, in many areas there is little variation in temperature during the year, although rainfall may vary greatly. We tested the hypothesis that, in a tropical region with wet and dry seasons, schizophrenia births would be related to rainfall. The data came from the city of Mossoro in north-eastern Brazil. In this area there is no meaningful variation in temperature, but there is a rainy season with little precipitation during the rest of the year. In this region, the prevalence of influenza parallels that of rainfall. There was a significant relationship between rainfall and the number of schizophrenia births three months later. In contrast, there was no significant relationship between rainfall and general population births three months later. The relationship of birth to rainfall, rather than winter birth, may be associated with risk of schizophrenia in tropical regions; exposure to influenza during gestation may be the basis for such a relationship.
研究表明，冬季出生会增加成年后患精神分裂症的风险。据推测，这种影响是由于包括流感在内的传染病的季节性变化所致，因为孕期中期接触流感也会增加患精神分裂症的风险。然而，在许多地区，尽管降雨量可能差异很大，但全年气温变化不大。我们检验了这样一个假设：在一个有干湿季节的热带地区，精神分裂症患者的出生与降雨量有关。数据来自巴西东北部的莫索罗市。在这个地区，气温没有显著变化，但有一个雨季，一年中的其他时间降水很少。在这个地区，流感的流行与降雨量平行。降雨量与三个月后精神分裂症患者的出生数量之间存在显著关系。相比之下，降雨量与三个月后普通人群的出生数量之间没有显著关系。在热带地区，出生与降雨量的关系，而非冬季出生，可能与精神分裂症风险有关；孕期接触流感可能是这种关系的基础。
