Cupisti A, D'Alessandro C, Castrogiovanni S, Barale A, Morelli E
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2000 Dec;40(4):350-5.
Young female rhythmic gymnasts have been identified as a potential risk group for malnutrition because of their attitude of weight reduction and leanness.
This study aimed to assess the dietary practices of 20 rhythmic gymnasts of the Italian national team, on the basis of a three-day food records collected by clinical interview. Twenty-four age-matched non-athletic females served as controls.
The reported energy intake was similar in gymnasts and controls (28.5+/-5.6 vs 28.2+/-7.8 kcal/kg b.w., per day), but less than the recommended and the estimated requirements. Energy intake from carbohydrates was higher (53+/-6 vs 49+/-6%, p<0.05) and that from lipids lower (31+/-6 vs 34+/-4%, p<0.05) in gymnasts than in controls. In the former the energy supply from breakfast was higher (24+/-2 vs 16+/-4%, p<0.001) and from snacks was lower (8+/-9 vs 17+/-10%, p<0.01). Gymnasts also distinguished from controls for lower cholesterol and saturated fatty acid intake, and for higher fibre (14+/-5 vs 9+/-2 g/1,000 kcal, p<0.001) and Vitamin A dietary content. Calcium, iron and zinc intake were less than 100% RDA in both groups.
In some ways, dietary practices of rhythmic gymnasts meet nutritional recommendations more than those of non athletic controls, though discrepancy between reported energy intake and estimated energy requirement exists. Suboptimal calcium, iron and zinc intake were observed both in gymnasts and in controls, hence minerals supplementation could be required. The dietary attitude could be regarded as a positive aspect of rhythmic gymnastics, provided athletes, physicians and coaches correct dietary errors and avoid excessive food restrictions.
年轻的女子艺术体操运动员因其减肥和追求瘦的观念，被视为营养不良的潜在风险群体。
本研究旨在通过临床访谈收集的三天饮食记录，评估20名意大利国家队艺术体操运动员的饮食习惯。24名年龄匹配的非运动员女性作为对照。
运动员和对照组报告的能量摄入量相似（每天28.5±5.6 vs 28.2±7.8千卡/千克体重），但低于推荐量和估计需求量。与对照组相比，运动员碳水化合物的能量摄入量更高（53±6 vs 49±6%，p<0.05），脂肪的能量摄入量更低（31±6 vs 34±4%，p<0.05）。在运动员中，早餐的能量供应更高（24±2 vs 16±4%，p<0.001），零食的能量供应更低（8±9 vs 17±10%，p<0.01）。运动员与对照组的区别还在于胆固醇和饱和脂肪酸摄入量较低，膳食纤维（14±5 vs 9±2克/1000千卡，p<0.001）和维生素A的饮食含量较高。两组的钙、铁和锌摄入量均低于推荐膳食摄入量的100%。
在某些方面，艺术体操运动员的饮食习惯比非运动员对照组更符合营养建议，尽管报告的能量摄入量与估计的能量需求之间存在差异。在运动员和对照组中均观察到钙、铁和锌摄入不足，因此可能需要补充矿物质。如果运动员、医生和教练纠正饮食错误并避免过度限制饮食，这种饮食态度可被视为艺术体操的一个积极方面。
