Michopoulou Eleni, Avloniti Alexandra, Kambas Antonios, Leontsini Diamanda, Michalopoulou Maria, Tournis Symeon, Fatouros Ioannis G
Dept. of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece.
Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2011 Nov;23(4):560-72. doi: 10.1123/pes.23.4.560.
This study determined dietary intake and energy balance of elite premenarcheal rhythmic gymnasts during their preseason training. Forty rhythmic gymnasts and 40 sedentary age-matched females (10-12 yrs) participated in the study. Anthropometric profile and skeletal ages were determined. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed to estimate daily energy intake, daily energy expenditure, and resting metabolic rate. Groups demonstrated comparable height, bone age, pubertal development, resting metabolic rate. Gymnasts had lower body mass, BMI, body fat than age-matched controls. Although groups demonstrated comparable daily energy intake, gymnasts exhibited a higher daily energy expenditure resulting in a daily energy deficit. Gymnasts also had higher carbohydrate intake but lower fat and calcium intake. Both groups were below the recommended dietary allowances for fiber, water, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin intake. Gymnasts may need to raise their daily energy intake to avoid the energy deficit during periods of intense training.
本研究测定了精英初潮前艺术体操运动员在赛季前训练期间的饮食摄入量和能量平衡。40名艺术体操运动员和40名年龄匹配的久坐不动的女性（10 - 12岁）参与了该研究。测定了人体测量学特征和骨骼年龄。评估饮食摄入量和身体活动以估计每日能量摄入量、每日能量消耗和静息代谢率。两组在身高、骨龄、青春期发育、静息代谢率方面具有可比性。与年龄匹配的对照组相比，艺术体操运动员的体重、BMI和体脂较低。尽管两组的每日能量摄入量相当，但艺术体操运动员的每日能量消耗较高，导致每日能量 deficit。艺术体操运动员的碳水化合物摄入量也较高，但脂肪和钙摄入量较低。两组的膳食纤维、水、钙、磷和维生素摄入量均低于推荐膳食摄入量。艺术体操运动员可能需要提高每日能量摄入量，以避免在高强度训练期间出现能量 deficit。
