Filaire E, Lac G
CRIS, UFRAPS Lyon I, Université Claude Bernard, Villeurbanne, France.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2002 Mar;42(1):65-70.
The purpose of this study was to examine body composition, dietary intake and energy expenditure in 12 young female elite gymnasts aged 10.1 +/- 0.3 years, doing a physical exercise of 15 hrs x week-1. The results were compared with a control group consisting of nine volunteer school girls age matched doing less than 4 hrs x wk-1 of physical exercise.
Assessments included dietary intake for 7 days, anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, arm circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, body mass index). Body fat percentage was estimated using the Slaughter equation. Anthropometric measurements and nutritional intake were recorded in autumn.
The gymnasts were shorter and had lower body weight compared with controls (p<0.05). Percentage of body fat was significantly lower in gymnasts versus controls (p<0.01). Gymnasts had higher percentage of fat free mass (p<0.01) than the reference group. Daily energy intake met daily energy requirement in both groups. Distribution of energy for both groups was almost identical, with approximately 14% from protein, 48% from carbohydrate, and 37% from fat. The average intakes of polyunsaturated fat were low in the two groups. The main daily intake of most nutrients in both groups were in accordance with recommendations; exceptions were dietary fibre, E and B6 vitamins.
The primary finding of this investigation is that in both groups, the mean daily energy intake met the energy requirement. Thus, the gymnasts did not restrict total energy. The overall nutrient intake of the two groups may appear adequate. Prepubertal gymnasts have higher percentage of fat free mass and daily energy expenditure and dietary intakes, but lower percent body fat than age matched controls.
本研究旨在调查12名年龄为10.1±0.3岁的年轻女性精英体操运动员的身体成分、饮食摄入和能量消耗情况，她们每周进行15小时的体育锻炼。将结果与由9名年龄匹配的志愿女学生组成的对照组进行比较，这些女学生每周进行少于4小时的体育锻炼。
评估包括7天的饮食摄入、人体测量（体重、身高、臂围、肱三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度、体重指数）。使用斯劳特方程估算体脂百分比。人体测量和营养摄入情况于秋季记录。
与对照组相比，体操运动员身高更矮、体重更低（p<0.05）。体操运动员的体脂百分比显著低于对照组（p<0.01）。体操运动员的去脂体重百分比高于参照组（p<0.01）。两组的每日能量摄入均满足每日能量需求。两组的能量分布几乎相同，蛋白质供能约14%，碳水化合物供能约48%，脂肪供能约37%。两组的多不饱和脂肪平均摄入量均较低。两组大多数营养素的主要每日摄入量均符合推荐标准；膳食纤维、维生素E和维生素B6除外。
本调查的主要发现是，两组的平均每日能量摄入均满足能量需求。因此，体操运动员并未限制总能量摄入。两组的总体营养摄入可能看起来是充足的。青春期前的体操运动员去脂体重百分比、每日能量消耗和饮食摄入量更高，但体脂百分比低于年龄匹配的对照组。
