Lindholm C, Hagenfeldt K, Hagman U
Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Acta Paediatr. 1995 Mar;84(3):273-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13628.x.
Twenty-two female teenagers engaged in elite gymnast training and 22 healthy girls of comparable age were studied with regard to nutritional intake. The mean daily intakes of most nutrients in both groups were in accordance with the Swedish Nutritional Recommendations; exceptions were iron and dietary fibre which were too low in both groups. The individual variation was large in both groups and many subjects had an intake below the nutritional recommendations. Both the gymnasts and the reference group had an energy intake significantly below the estimated energy need. The mean daily energy intake was 725 kcal less than the energy need in the gymnast group and 450 kcal less in the reference group. The clinical investigation revealed that several gymnasts had delayed menarche or irregular menstruation as well as less body fat than the reference group. Among the gymnasts, girls with a regular menstrual pattern had more body fat than those who had not started to menstruate. The higher energy expenditure of the gymnasts could partly explain their smaller amounts of body fat, late pubertal development and menstrual patterns.
对22名接受精英体操训练的女性青少年和22名年龄相仿的健康女孩的营养摄入情况进行了研究。两组中大多数营养素的平均每日摄入量均符合瑞典营养建议；例外的是铁和膳食纤维，两组的这两种营养素摄入量都过低。两组的个体差异都很大，许多受试者的摄入量低于营养建议。体操运动员组和参照组的能量摄入量均显著低于估计的能量需求。体操运动员组的平均每日能量摄入量比能量需求少725千卡，参照组少450千卡。临床调查显示，几名体操运动员月经初潮延迟或月经不规律，且体脂比参照组少。在体操运动员中，月经周期规律的女孩比尚未开始月经的女孩体脂更多。体操运动员较高的能量消耗可以部分解释她们体脂量较少、青春期发育较晚和月经模式的原因。
