Henry M H, Wyatt R D
Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA.
Poult Sci. 2001 Apr;80(4):401-7. doi: 10.1093/ps/80.4.401.
Three recently described and toxicologically important mycotoxins, fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2), and fumonisin B3 (FB3), produced by Fusarium moniliforme in various grains, have been associated with a number of diseases in both humans and animals. The toxicity of purified FB1, FB2, and FB3, individually and in combination (3:1:1 ratio), were evaluated with regard to their embryo toxicity by injection of the toxins into the air cell of chicken eggs at 72 h of incubation. Under these conditions, FB1 at doses of 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 microg per egg resulted in embryonic mortality of 5, 12.5, 17.5, 20.0, 52.5, 77.5, and 100%, respectively. The 50% lethal dose for FB1, when injected into the air cell of embryonating chicken eggs, was determined to be 18.73 microg per egg. A comparison of the toxicity of FB1, FB2, and FB3, individually and in combination (3:1:1 ratio), at doses of 16 microg of total fumonisin per egg, indicated that the toxicity of the fumonisins differed, FB1 being the most toxic. Microscopic examination of chicken embryos exposed to fumonisin did not reveal any gross developmental abnormalities; however, severe hemorrhages of the head, neck, and thoracic area of the dead embryos were evident.
最近发现的三种具有毒理学重要性的霉菌毒素，即串珠镰刀菌在各种谷物中产生的伏马毒素B1（FB1）、伏马毒素B2（FB2）和伏马毒素B3（FB3），与人和动物的多种疾病有关。通过在孵化72小时时将毒素注射到鸡蛋气室中，评估了纯化的FB1、FB2和FB3单独及组合（3:1:1比例）时的胚胎毒性。在这些条件下，每枚鸡蛋分别注射0、2、4、8、16、32和64微克FB1时，胚胎死亡率分别为5%、12.5%、17.5%、20.0%、52.5%、77.5%和100%。当将FB1注射到孵化中的鸡蛋气室中时，其半数致死剂量确定为每枚鸡蛋18.73微克。比较每枚鸡蛋总伏马毒素剂量为16微克时FB1、FB2和FB3单独及组合（3:1:1比例）的毒性，结果表明伏马毒素的毒性不同，其中FB1毒性最强。对暴露于伏马毒素的鸡胚胎进行显微镜检查未发现任何明显的发育异常；然而，死亡胚胎的头部、颈部和胸部区域有明显的严重出血。
