Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Medical Center, Ticon II Building, Suite 334, 2516 Stockton Blvd, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2010 Dec;13(12):2027-33. doi: 10.1017/S1368980010001539. Epub 2010 Jun 29.
To assess feeding practices of infants born to HIV-positive women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. These data then served as a proxy to evaluate the adequacy of current infant feeding counselling.
A cross-sectional survey of infant feeding behaviours.
Four clinics in greater Dar es Salaam in early 2008.
A total of 196 HIV-positive mothers of children aged 6-10 months recruited from HIV clinics.
Initiation of breast-feeding was reported by 95·4 % of survey participants. In the entire sample, 80·1 %, 34·2 % and 13·3 % of women reported exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) up to 2, 4 and 6 months, respectively. Median duration of EBF among women who ever breast-fed was 3 (interquartile range (IQR): 2·1, 4·0) months. Most non-breast-milk foods fed to infants were low in nutrient density. Complete cessation of breast-feeding occurred within 14 d of the introduction of non-breast-milk foods among 138 of the 187 children (73·8 %) who had ever received any breast milk. Of the 187 infants in the study who ever received breast milk, 19·4 % received neither human milk nor any replacement milks for 1 week or more (median duration of no milk was 14 (IQR: 7, 152) d).
Infant feeding practices among these HIV-positive mothers resulted in infants receiving far less breast milk and more mixed complementary feeds than recommended, thus placing them at greater risk of both malnutrition and HIV infection. An environment that better enables mothers to follow national guidelines is urgently needed. More intensive infant feeding counselling programmes would very likely increase rates of optimal infant feeding.
评估坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆市 HIV 阳性妇女所生婴儿的喂养方式。这些数据可用于评估当前婴儿喂养咨询的充分性。
婴儿喂养行为的横断面调查。
2008 年初，达累斯萨拉姆大都市区的 4 个诊所。
从 HIV 诊所招募的 196 名年龄在 6-10 个月的 HIV 阳性儿童的母亲。
调查参与者中有 95.4%报告了开始母乳喂养。在整个样本中，80.1%、34.2%和 13.3%的女性分别报告了在 2、4 和 6 个月时完全母乳喂养。曾经母乳喂养过的女性的母乳喂养中位数持续时间为 3 个月（四分位距：2.1-4.0）。给婴儿喂食的非母乳食物营养密度大多较低。在 187 名曾接受过任何母乳的儿童中，有 138 名（73.8%）在开始添加非母乳食物后 14 天内完全停止母乳喂养。在研究中曾接受过母乳的 187 名婴儿中，有 19.4%有 1 周或更长时间既未接受人乳也未接受任何替代奶（未接受牛奶的中位数持续时间为 14（四分位距：7，152）天）。
这些 HIV 阳性母亲的婴儿喂养方式导致婴儿接受的母乳和混合补充食品远低于推荐量，从而使他们面临营养不良和 HIV 感染的风险更大。迫切需要一个能让母亲更好地遵循国家指南的环境。更密集的婴儿喂养咨询方案很可能会提高最佳婴儿喂养率。
