Darmon N, Khlat M
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Institut Scientifique et Technique de la Nutrition et de l'Alimentation, 5 rue du Vert Bois, 75003-Paris, France.
Public Health Nutr. 2001 Apr;4(2):163-72. doi: 10.1079/phn200064.
To review studies on the morbidity, mortality and nutrition of migrant populations in France.
A systematic search of the bibliographic database Medline, and direct contact with associations and institutions concerned with migrants' health.
In France, as in other host countries, migrants belong to the lowest socio-economic strata. They have on average better health and lower mortality than the local-born population. Health benefits are particularly noticeable in Mediterranean men, especially for affluence-related diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. North African men smoke as heavily as the local-born of the same occupational categories, and yet their mortality rates from lung cancer are notably lower. Such a paradox may be the result of a synergy between different phenomena such as the selection of the fittest applicants for immigration and the maintenance of healthy lifestyles from the countries of origin. In contrast, migrant women do not enjoy the same health advantages, possibly because they are less likely to be selected on the basis of their health and because they are often non-working. Adult migrants from southern Europe and North Africa report dietary practices consistent with the typical Mediterranean diet, which is renowned for its positive effects on health.
The diet of Mediterranean adults living in France may partly explain the low rates of chronic diseases and high adult life expectancy observed in migrant men from northern Africa. Information about their diets might provide clues for the design of nutritional education campaigns aimed at low-income people.
回顾法国移民人口发病率、死亡率及营养状况的相关研究。
对文献数据库Medline进行系统检索，并直接与关注移民健康的协会和机构联系。
在法国，与其他接收国一样，移民属于社会经济地位最低的阶层。他们的总体健康状况平均优于本土出生人口，死亡率也更低。健康益处在地中海地区男性中尤为明显，特别是对于癌症和心血管疾病等与富裕程度相关的疾病。北非男性与相同职业类别的本土出生男性吸烟量相同，但他们的肺癌死亡率却显著更低。这种矛盾现象可能是不同因素协同作用的结果，比如最健康的移民申请者的自我选择以及来自原籍国的健康生活方式的延续。相比之下，移民女性并未享有同样的健康优势，这可能是因为她们基于健康状况被选中的可能性较小，且她们往往没有工作。来自南欧和北非的成年移民报告的饮食习惯符合典型的地中海饮食，这种饮食因其对健康的积极影响而闻名。
生活在法国的地中海地区成年人的饮食可能部分解释了北非移民男性中慢性病发病率低和成年人预期寿命高的现象。有关他们饮食的信息可能为针对低收入人群的营养教育活动设计提供线索。
