Dinesh D S, Ranjan A, Palit A, Kishore K, Kar S K
Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Agamkuan, Patna -- 800007, India.
Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2001 Mar;95(2):197-202. doi: 10.1080/00034980120041071.
The nocturnal activity of Phlebotomus argentipes (Diptera: Psychodidae), the main vector of Leishmania donovani in India, was studied throughout a year, with monthly collections, between 18.00 and 06.00 hours, of the sandflies landing on 15 humans and 15 cows in the village of Bahapur, Patna district. The cattle appeared to be better as bait, since more than five female P. argentipes were caught on them for each one caught on the human bait. Overall, although P. argentipes were caught during each collection hour from 18.00--06.00 hours, the numbers caught landing/biting peaked at 23.00--24.00 hours. There were, however, slight seasonal variations in the timing of this peak in activity. The numbers of P. argentipes caught/collection night also varied with season, being significantly higher during the summer than during the rainy season or winter (P < 0.01 for each), and apparently inversely correlated with rainfall. Male P. argentipes were caught in much higher numbers than the females of this species, with female:male ratios of 1:8 for the flies caught on human bait and of 1:13 for those collected from cattle. If the probability of a female P. argentipes being infected with L. donovani does not vary with season, peak transmission of this parasite to humans probably occurs between February and May, at the middle of night.
印度黑热病主要传播媒介银足白蛉（双翅目：毛蠓科）的夜间活动情况进行了为期一年的研究，每月在巴特那区巴哈普尔村于18:00至06:00之间收集落在15个人和15头牛身上的白蛉。牛似乎是更好的诱饵，因为落在牛身上的每捕获一只银足白蛉，落在人身上的就能捕获五只以上的雌蛉。总体而言，虽然在18:00至06:00的每个收集时段都能捕获到银足白蛉，但着陆/叮咬的捕获数量在23:00至24:00达到峰值。然而，这一活动高峰的时间存在轻微的季节性变化。每个收集夜晚捕获的银足白蛉数量也随季节变化，夏季显著高于雨季或冬季（每次P < 0.01），且显然与降雨量呈负相关。捕获的雄性银足白蛉数量远多于雌性，落在人身上捕获的雌雄比例为1:8，从牛身上收集的为1:13。如果雌性银足白蛉感染杜氏利什曼原虫的概率不随季节变化，那么这种寄生虫向人类的高峰传播可能发生在2月至5月的午夜时分。
